Iur. They are more perfectly bound to the Church by the sacrament of Confirmation, and the Holy Spirit endows them with special strength so that they are more strictly obliged to spread and defend the faith, both by word and by deed, as true witnesses of Christ (5*). (149)(16*), 21. (3) Videatur synthetiea espositi huius doctrinae paulinae in: Piu XII, Litt. Conc. Dogmatic Constitution on the Church: Lumen Gentium [Vatican II, Lumen Gentium] on Amazon.com. II, 18: PL 32, 637 s. Pius XII Litt. 6, Decretum de iustificatione, can. In the bishops, therefore, for whom priests are assistants, Our Lord Jesus Christ, the Supreme High Priest, is present in the midst of those who believe. (12) S. Ign. ad Episcopol Geraniae, 12 mart. 236-237. Every person must walk unhesitatingly according to his own personal gifts and duties in the path of living faith, which arouses hope and works through charity. But for this power to be fully ready to act, there must be a further canonical or juridical determination through the hierarchical authority. De Sacra Liturgia, cap. Pius XII, Litt. IV 17, 5; PG 7, 1023; Harvey, 2, p. 199 s. Conc. In this way, the holiness of the People of God will grow into an abundant harvest of good, as is admirably shown by the life of so many saints in Church history. (215) However, this holiness of the Church is unceasingly manifested, and must be manifested, in the fruits of grace which the Spirit produces in the faithful; it is expressed in many ways in individuals, who in their walk of life, tend toward the perfection of charity, thus causing the edification of others; in a very special way this (holiness) appears in the practice of the counsels, customarily called "evangelical." S. Thomas, Summa Theol. Every legitimate celebration of the Eucharist is regulated by the bishop, to whom is committed the office of offering the worship of Christian religion to the Divine Majesty and of administering it in accordance with the Lord's commandments and the Church's laws, as further defined by his particular judgment for his diocese. Orientalium Ecclesiarum, Decree On the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite, 1964. Overview Summary OVERVIEW Lumen gentium is a principal document of the Second Vatican Council. Funk, I, p. 241. Vat. C. Butler, Cambridge 1898 (1904). 61. Besides this apostolate which certainly pertains to all Christians, the laity can also be called in various ways to a more direct form of cooperation in the apostolate of the Hierarchy (3*). S. Cyprianus, Epist. 2S: Mansi 33, 171-172. For this too God sent the Spirit of His Son as Lord and Life-giver. Unlike previous Church councils, this one was not convened in order to combat a heresy in the Church. 13-16. Finally it clearly shows all men both the unsurpassed breadth of the strength of Christ the King and the infinite power of the Holy Spirit marvelously working in the Church. They should openly reveal to them their needs and desires with that freedom and confidence which is fitting for children of God and brothers in Christ. 290-292 et 372 ss. The present-day conditions of the world add greater urgency to this work of the Church so that all men, joined more closely today by various social, technical and cultural ties, might also attain fuller unity in Christ. 3 et 22: PL 4, 443 B et 461 A. Lateranense anni 649, Can. V, 23-24: GCS 11, 1, p. 488 ss. Indeed, in order that love, as good seed may grow and bring forth fruit in the soul, each one of the faithful must willingly hear the Word of God and accept His Will, and must complete what God has begun by their own actions with the help of God's grace. Dei gcnitricis, Hom. (37) De iuribus Sedium patriarchalium, cfr. These actions consist in the use of the sacraments and in a special way the Eucharist, frequent participation in the sacred action of the Liturgy, application of oneself to prayer, self-abnegation, lively fraternal service and the constant exercise of all the virtues. Through their baptism and confirmation all are commissioned to that apostolate by the Lord Himself. 86, 4: PL 37, 1103. On the Blessed Virgin and the Church. For Mary, who since her entry into salvation history unites in herself and re-echoes the greatest teachings of the faith as she is proclaimed and venerated, calls the faithful to her Son and His sacrifice and to the love of the Father. Botte, pp. Conc. Lc. Dei, XVIII, 51, 2: PL 41, 614. Richard Cecka. (30*) The individual bishops, however, are the visible principle and foundation of unity in their particular churches, (31*) fashioned after the model of the universal Church, in and from which churches comes into being the one and only Catholic Church. Pius XII, Alloc. 5, 22; 2 Tim. The Church indeed, contemplating her hidden sanctity, imitating her charity and faithfully fulfilling the Father's will, by receiving the word of God in faith becomes herself a mother. 1. (1) Cfr. (17*) Mother Church never ceases to pray, hope and work that this may come about. Funk, l, p. 244. Origenes, In Is. At all times and in every race God has given welcome to whosoever fears Him and does what is right. (11) S. Ign. 15:28). Cfr. IV, 26, 2; col. 1O53, Harvey 2, 236, necnon IV, 33, 8; col. 1077; Harvey 2, 262. Pius XII, Alloc. - S. Io. Christ, whom the Father has sanctified and sent into the world, (176) has through His apostles, made their successors, the bishops, partakers of His consecration and His mission. THE ESCHATOLOGICAL NATURE OF THE PILGRIM CHURCH AND ITS UNION WITH THE CHURCH IN HEAVEN, 48. Rob. But there are certain things which pertain in a special way to the laity, both men and women, by reason of their condition and mission. There is, therefore, in Christ and in the Church no inequality on the basis of race or nationality, social condition or sex, because "there is neither Jew nor Greek: there is neither bond nor free: there is neither male nor female. By. He is the image of the invisible God and in Him all things came into being. Lumen gentium 16 fits into a totally different context. When Jesus, who had suffered the death of the cross for mankind, had risen, He appeared as the one constituted as Lord, Christ and eternal Priest,(24) and He poured out on His disciples the Spirit promised by the Father. 18 There is, first, that people to whom the covenants and promises were made, and from whom Christ was born according to the flesh (cf. (10) Cfr. Lumen Gentium rightly calls the Church "the universal sacrament of salvation" since Christ, who "is continually active in the world," leads all people to the Church so that He may "join them more closely to Himself." Among the principal duties of bishops the preaching of the Gospel occupies an eminent place. Second Vatican Council's 16 Documents 1. Furthermore, it not only witnesses to the fact of a new and eternal life acquired by the redemption of Christ, but it foretells the future resurrection and the glory of the heavenly kingdom. St. Augustine puts this very beautifully when he says: "What I am for you terrifies me; what I am with you consoles me. onsist., 15 mart. ecl., V, 24, 10: GCS II, 1, p. 49S; cd. (115) These charisms, whether they be the more outstanding or the more simple and widely diffused, are to be received with thanksgiving and consolation for they are perfectly suited to and useful for the needs of the Church. (133) Wherefore she makes the words of the Apostle her own: "Woe to me, if I do not preach the Gospel",(134) and continues unceasingly to send heralds of the Gospel until such time as the infant churches are fully established and can themselves continue the work of evangelizing. He remains indeed in the bosom of the Church, but, as it were, only in a "bodily" manner and not "in his heart. This same state of life is accurately exemplified and perpetually made present in the Church. (24*), For all of us, who are sons of God and constitute one family in Christ,(279) as long as we remain in communion with one another in mutual charity and in one praise of the most holy Trinity, are corresponding with the intimate vocation of the Church and partaking in foretaste the liturgy of consummate glory. Alloc. Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium Christ is the Light of all Humanity . 16:15-16; Acts 26:17 ff. Litt. . What specifically characterizes the laity is their secular nature. And for this reason the apostles, appointed as rulers in this society, took care to appoint successors. Florentinum, Decretum pro Graecis: Denz. Nicaenum II, anno 787: Mansi 13. Iovin. Pius XI, Litt. Chapter two of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium) gives prominence to a scriptural and patristic image of the Church as the People of God. 693 (1305). (96) So likewise the new Israel which while living in this present age goes in search of a future and abiding city (97) is called the Church of Christ. I, 152, 156, 171 s. S. Ign. Encycl Divinum illud, 9 maii 1897: AAS 29 (1896-97) p. 6S0. They manifest this special property by means of the whole peoples' supernatural discernment in matters of faith when "from the Bishops down to the last of the lay faithful" (8*) they show universal agreement in matters of faith and morals. Hom. About Lumen Gentium, "a clarification has yet to be made".This is the idea developed by Bishop Schneider, auxiliary bishop of Astana, in a document published on March 4, 2017. Romana Ecclesia, 5 oct. 1752, p 1: Bullarium Benedicti XIV, t. IV, Romae, 1758, 21: . . Christ Jesus, "though He was by nature God . Mystici Corporis Christi is a papal encyclical issued by Pope Pius XII on June 29, 1943, during World War II, which affirms that the Church is the Mystical Body of Christ. (261) Reckoning therefore that "the sufferings of the present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory to come that will be revealed in us",(262) strong in faith we look for the "blessed hope and the glorious coming of our great God and Saviour, Jesus Christ"(263) "who will refashion the body of our lowliness, conforming it to the body of His glory(264), and who will come "to be glorified in His saints and to be marveled at in all those who have believed"(265). (15*) By her maternal charity, she cares for the brethren of her Son, who still journey on earth surrounded by dangers and cultics, until they are led into the happiness of their true home. Vat. (237) At that time the human race as well as the entire world, which is intimately related to man and attains to its end through him, will be perfectly reestablished in Christ. (239) Rising from the dead(240) He sent His life-giving Spirit upon His disciples and through Him has established His Body which is the Church as the universal sacrament of salvation. Conc. Apost. : PL S4, 7S9. The Second Vatican Council met from 1962 to 1965 in four sessions (October-December 1962, September-December 1963, September-November 1964, and September-December 1965). Officii, De magne tismi abusu, 4 aug. 1856: AAS (1865) pp. Those who approach the sacrament of Penance obtain pardon from the mercy of God for the offence committed against Him and are at the same time reconciled with the Church, which they have wounded by their sins, and which by charity, example, and prayer seeks their conversion. 2 C (in fine); II-II, q. 28:16-20; Mk. 959 (1766). 161 Cf. - S. Cyrillus Hieros., Catech. Id., Epist. tantum. III, Const. 582-583. Encycl. S. Iustinus, Dial. "(9*), 57. He directs it with hierarchical and charismatic gifts and adorns it with his fruits. Iconocl. original document, nor is it a "translation" of Lumen Gentium. Funk, I, p. 264. In B. V. Answers to the Most Common Objections Against Sedevacantism The Holy See Apost. C. Theodorus Mops., from. (148) They therefore appointed such men, and gave them the order that, when they should have died, other approved men would take up their ministry. Those chosen for the fullness of the priesthood are granted the ability of exercising the perfect duty of pastoral charity by the grace of the sacrament of Orders. The order of bishops, which succeeds to the college of apostles and gives this apostolic body continued existence, is also the subject of supreme and full power over the universal Church, provided we understand this body together with its head the Roman Pontiff and never without this head. In this kingdom creation itself will be delivered from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the sons of God. Further, let them encourage lay people so that they may undertake tasks on their own initiative. vitae spir., c. 18. Pastor Aesernus, 4: Denz. Whosoever, therefore, knowing that the Catholic Church was made necessary by Christ, would refuse to enter or to remain in it, could not be saved. Mc 16,15). (24*) The entire body of the faithful pours forth instant supplications to the Mother of God and Mother of men that she, who aided the beginnings of the Church by her prayers, may now, exalted as she is above all the angels and saints, intercede before her Son in the fellowship of all the saints, until all families of people, whether they are honored with the title of Christian or whether they still do not know the Saviour, may be happily gathered together in peace and harmony into one people of God, for the glory of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity. http://riceschool.orgThis video gives a brief overview of this document from Vatican II. 3. 497 et 503. 4: PG 97, 1321 B. And there belong to or are related to it in various ways, the Catholic faithful, all who believe in Christ, and indeed the whole of mankind, for all men are called by the grace of God to salvation. 30. 59-60. PL 78, 224. It has been argued that, in fact, all the 25, De invocatione Sanctorum: Denz. Funk, 1, p. 282. And as they sanctify and govern under the bishop's authority, that part of the Lord's flock entrusted to them they make the universal Church visible in their own locality and bring an efficacious assistance to the building up of the whole body of Christ. A person is initiated into God's people not by physical birth, but by a . She herself is a virgin, who keeps the faith given to her by her Spouse whole and entire. Priests, prudent cooperators with the Episcopal order,(72*) its aid and instrument, called to serve the people of God, constitute one priesthood (73*) with their bishop although bound by a diversity of duties. (8) S. Epiphanius, Nacr. . Magno gaudio, 23 maii 1964: AAS 56 (1964) p. 566. In order to reach this perfection the faithful should . Iur. Pius XII, Litt. (42) Cfr. Associated with their bishop in a spirit of trust and generosity, they make him present in a certain sense in the individual local congregations, and take upon themselves, as far as they are able, his duties and the burden of his care, and discharge them with a daily interest. (169) This power, which they personally exercise in Christ's name, is proper, ordinary and immediate, although its exercise is ultimately regulated by the supreme authority of the Church, and can be circumscribed by certain limits, for the advantage of the Church or of the faithful. Church authority has the duty, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, of interpreting these evangelical counsels, of regulating their practice and finally to build on them stable forms of living. The Lord Jesus, after praying to the Father, calling to Himself those whom He desired, appointed twelve to be with Him, and whom He would send to preach the Kingdom of God;(137) and these apostles(138) He formed after the manner of a college or a stable group, over which He placed Peter chosen from among them. Hin Ch Tn L V Gio Hi - Lumen Gentium - 21/11/1964. Cfr. God gathered together as one all those who in faith look upon Jesus as the author of salvation and the source of unity and peace, and established them as the Church that for each and all it may be the visible sacrament of this saving unity. Cf. Pius XII, Litt. In our own time, however, it is most urgent that this distinction and also this harmony should shine forth more clearly than ever in the lives of the faithful, so that the mission of the Church may correspond more fully to the special conditions of the world today. Lumen Gentium 1. There are two sources in particular from which the pope constantly draws and to which he refers: Sacred Scripture first of all, and then the documents of the Second Vatican Council, especially the Constitutions on the Church (Lumen Gentium), Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum), and the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes). 1, 5; S. Clem. Encycl. Lc. VIII: The Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, in the Mys tery of Christ & of the Church (52-69) -Preface (52-54) a. Mary's relation to Christ in the divine plan of redemptive Incarnation (52) 1) God revealed that to save us He sent His Son "born of a woman" (Gal 4:4f) Encycl. A person becomes a member of the College by virtue of Episcopal consecration and by hierarchical communion with the head of the College and with its members. in B. V. Nat. They also know that they were not ordained by Christ to take upon themselves alone the entire salvific mission of the Church toward the world. 44, 7: PG SS, 193. (42) It is described as the spotless spouse of the spotless Lamb,(43) whom Christ "loved and for whom He delivered Himself up that He might sanctify her",(44) whom He unites to Himself by an unbreakable covenant, and whom He unceasingly "nourishes and cherishes",(45) and whom, once purified, He willed to be cleansed and joined to Himself, subject to Him in love and fidelity,(46) and whom, finally, He filled with heavenly gifts for all eternity, in order that we may know the love of God and of Christ for us, a love which surpasses all knowledge. (6*) Among those various ministries which, according to tradition, were exercised in the Church from the earliest times, the chief place belongs to the office of those who, appointed to the episcopate, by a succession running from the beginning,(7*) are passers-on of the apostolic seed. Cfr. (193), If therefore in the Church everyone does not proceed by the same path, nevertheless all are called to sanctity and have received an equal privilege of faith through the justice of God. Rerum Ecclesiae: AAS 18 (1926) p. 68-69. The word "only" takes in all cases. Lumen Gentium (excerpt). "For just as in one body we have many members, yet all the members have not the same function, so we, the many, are one body in Christ, but severally members one of another". 1:22-23. (1) Cfr. Tertull., Praescr. Innocentius I, Epist. S. Hilarius Pict., In Mt 23, 6: PL 9, 1047. Provida Mater, 2 febr. These faithful are by baptism made one body with Christ and are constituted among the People of God; they are in their own way made sharers in the priestly, prophetical, and kingly functions of Christ; and they carry out for their own part the mission of the whole Christian people in the Church and in the world. III, 3, 1; PG 7, 848 A; Harvey 2, 8; Sagnard, p. 100 s.: manifestatam. (31) Cfr. The Church is a sheepfold whose one and indispensable door is Christ. And lastly, by the example of their way of life they must be an influence for good to those over whom they preside, refraining from all evil and, as far as they are able with God's help, exchanging evil for good, so that together with the flock committed to their care they may arrive at eternal life.(57*). (16) Cfr. 960 (1767) . SS. (142) And in this mission they were fully confirmed on the day of Pentecost(143) in accordance with the Lord's promise: "You shall receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you shall be witnesses for me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and in Samaria, and even to the very ends of the earth". Apost. This diversity among its members arises either by reason of their duties, as is the case with those who exercise the sacred ministry for the good of their brethren, or by reason of their condition and state of life, as is the case with those many who enter the religious state and, tending toward holiness by a narrower path, stimulate their brethren by their example. He does this not only through the hierarchy who teach in His name and with His authority, but also through the laity whom He made His witnesses and to whom He gave understanding of the faith (sensu fidei) and an attractiveness in speech(200) so that the power of the Gospel might shine forth in their daily social and family life. 27. 1782 (3001). (16) Breviarium Romanum, Invitatorium infesto Sanctorum Omnium. . (21) Conc. 21 November, 1964. In this way the world may be permeated by the spirit of Christ and it may more effectively fulfill its purpose in justice, charity and peace. 15-16, n. 44 et pp. 20, 25-27; 2 Tim. 232, 2: col. 1108. 6, 1; Ed. 1957: AAS 49 (1957) pp. becoming obedient to death",(233) and because of us "being rich, he became poor". It pertains to the competent territorial bodies of bishops, of one kind or another, with the approval of the Supreme Pontiff, to decide whether and where it is opportune for such deacons to be established for the care of souls. Though they differ from one another in essence and not only in degree, the common priesthood of the faithful and the ministerial or hierarchical priesthood are nonetheless interrelated: each of them in its own special way is a participation in the one priesthood of Christ. 3: col. 361. But the college or body of bishops has no authority unless it is understood together with the Roman Pontiff, the successor of Peter as its head. 2:6; Col. 2:12 etc. (47) Conc. Leo XIII, Epist. In his consecration a person is given an ontological participation in the sacred functions [munera]; this is absolutely clear from Tradition, liturgical tradition included. The council fathers approved Lumen Gentium by a final vote of 2,151 to 5! Whatever good or truth is found amongst them is looked upon by the Church as a preparation for the Gospel. Modus 40 and the statements on canonical mission (n. 24). LUMEN GENTIUM SOLEMNLY PROMULGATED BY HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964 CHAPTER II: ON THE PEOPLE OF GOD 11. 4, 34; Io. Nor is God far distant from those who in shadows and images seek the unknown God, for it is He who gives to all men life and breath and all things,(127) and as Saviour wills that all men be saved. Vat. Celebrating the Eucharistic sacrifice therefore, we are most closely united to the Church in heaven in communion with and venerating the memory first of all of the glorious ever-Virgin Mary, of Blessed Joseph and the blessed apostles and martyrs and of all the saints. (14*) This perfect continency, out of desire for the kingdom of heaven, has always been held in particular honor in the Church. Idem, Epist. 107 Cf. Abstract. By the proclamation of the Gospel she prepares her hearers to receive and profess the faith. Since the kingdom of Christ is not of this world(120) the Church or people of God in establishing that kingdom takes nothing away from the temporal welfare of any people. (13) Cfr. (90), That messianic people has Christ for its head, "Who was delivered up for our sins, and rose again for our justification",(91) and now, having won a name which is above all names, reigns in glory in heaven. Pius XI, Litt. (Lumen Gentium) explained the Church's nature as a sign and instrument of communion with God and of unity among men. Therefore the promised restoration which we are awaiting has already begun in Christ, is carried forward in the mission of the Holy Spirit and through Him continues in the Church in which we learn the meaning of our terrestrial life through our faith, while we perform with hope in the future the work committed to us in this world by the Father, and thus work out our salvation. To her by her Spouse whole and entire this same state of life accurately! This reason the apostles, appointed as rulers in this society, took care to successors... Whosoever fears Him and does what is right image of the glory of the Eastern Rite 1964! Determination through the hierarchical authority, 6: PL 4, 443 B et 461 A. anni! 22: PL 32, 637 s. Pius XII Litt Hilarius Pict., in fact, all 25... Romana Ecclesia, 5 ; PG 7, 848 a ; Harvey 2, 8 ; Sagnard p.. 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