Net forest loss is not the same as deforestation it measures deforestation plus any gains in forest over a given period. It was a net importer. The average across the EU was 0.3 tonnes CO2 per person. This gives us an indication of the impact of the average persons diet. In a study published in Global Environmental Change, Florence Pendrill and colleagues investigated where tropical deforestation was occurring; what products were driving this; and, using global trade models, they traced where these products were going in international supply chains.34, They found that tropical deforestation given as the annual average between 2010 and 2014 was responsible for 2.6 billion tonnes of CO2 per year. Data on the annual change in domestic forests is sourced from the UN FAOs Forest Resources Assessment. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. This is nearly always true of planted forests in temperate regions there, planted forests are long-established and do not replace primary existing forests. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. First, it reiterates that deforestation is not a new problem: relatively small populations of the past were capable of driving a large amount of forest loss. These countries might have high levels of afforestation at home, but theyre still having a net negative impact on the size of the worlds forests. England is similar: in the late 11th century, 15% of the country was forested, and over the following centuries two-thirds were cut down. Web3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are cut down per year. By combining our earlier Sankey diagram, and breakdown of emissions by product, we can see that we can tackle a large share of these emissions through only a few key trade flows. Tyukavina, A., Hansen, M. C., Potapov, P. V., Stehman, S. V., Smith-Rodriguez, K., Okpa, C., & Aguilar, R. (2017). (2019) quantified the deforestation embedded in traded goods between countries.30 They did this by calculating the amount of deforestation associated with specific food and forestry products, and combining it with a trade model. The United Nations, as well as experts at the World Wildlife Fund and Global Forest Watch, found that one million animals are in danger of extinction as a result of how much deforestation has occurred. In China, the biggest driver is demand for oilseeds which is the combination of soy imported from Latin America and palm oil, imported from Indonesia and Malaysia. Explore long-term changes in deforestation, and deforestation rates across the world today. Across temperate forests the world gained 6 million hectares in the last decade. Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). Africas emissions are high because people are clearing forests to produce more food. But there are real reasons to believe that this century doesnt have to replicate the destruction of the last one. The UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. The breakdown of deforestation by region is shown in the chart. The annual change is now positive. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares If we can identify the producer countries, importing countries, and specific products responsible, we can direct our efforts towards interventions that will really make a difference. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. I have reconstructed long-term data using various studies which Ive documented here. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. How many trees does IKEA cut down a From 1850 to 1920, losses were around 50% higher at 30 million hectares per decade thats like losing a forested area the size of Italy every 10 years. Half of global forest loss occurred between 8,000BC and 1900; the other half was lost in the last century alone. Most tropical deforestation is driven by demand for products in domestic markets. Nicolas-Jacques Cont, an officer in Napoleon's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability. Web42 million trees are cut down each day. 71% of deforestation is for domestic production. The number of trees cut down in the Brazilian Amazon in January far exceeded deforestation for the same month last year, according to government satellite data. Forest loss measures the net change in forest cover: the loss in forests due to deforestation plus any expansion of forest through afforestation.6. This topic page can be cited as: All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. The change is permanent. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Population growth meant that todays rich countries across Europe and North America needed more and more resources such as land for agriculture, wood for energy, and for construction.8. Lewis, S. L. (2006). Many forests utilize the sustained-yield management, which means that more trees are planted than logged every year. 27% of forest loss results from commodity-driven deforestation cutting down forests to grow crops such as soy, palm oil, cocoa, to raise livestock on pasture, and mining operations. To reconstruct this change I have brought together the data from a number of different sources.7 Weve also differentiated between temperate forests (the sum of boreal and temperate areas), shown in green, and tropical forests (the sum of tropical and subtropical areas), shown in brown. We can calculate this increase as [(7.63 billion 3.09 billion) / 3.09 billion * 100 = 147%]. Urbanization, the other driver of deforestation accounts for just 0.6%. The remaining 73% came from the three drivers of forest degradation: logging of forestry products from plantations (26%); shifting, local agriculture (24%); and wildfires (23%). The data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. As we explore in more detail in our related article, countries tend to follow a predictable development in forest cover, a U-shaped curve.9 They lose forests as populations grow and demand for agricultural land and fuel increases, but eventually they reach the so-called forest transition point where they begin to regrow more forests than they lose. For example, the average German generated half a tonne (510 kilograms) of CO2 per person from domestic and imported foods. The scale of deforestation today might give us little hope for protecting our diverse forests. Low agricultural productivity and a reliance on wood for fuel meant that large amounts of land had to be cleared for basic provisions. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. When in history did we lose it? The carbon footprint of diets across the EU vary from country-to-country, and estimates vary depending on how much land use change is factored into these figures. Environmental Research Letters, 14(5), 055003. But international markets alone cannot fix this problem. See which countries are gaining forest though natural forest expansion and afforestation. And, we might place more value on preserving primary, native forests that havent yet been deforested over regrowing forests that have lost their previous ecosystems. In the figure we see visual examples from the study of forest loss classification by Philip Curtis et al. 95% of global deforestation occurs in the tropics. Lewis, S. L., Edwards, D. P., & Galbraith, D. (2015). In the chart we see the decadal losses and gains in global forest cover. The United States is the worlds largest consumer (and second largest producer, after Canada) of forest products. The number of trees cut down in the Brazilian Amazon in January far exceeded deforestation for the same month last year, according to government satellite data. Nearly half (47%) of France was forested 1000 years ago; today thats just under one-third (31.4%). It feeds into the popular idea that eating local is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 753-765. Rather than looking at total figures by country [if youre interested, we have mapped them here] we have calculated the per capita footprint. The researchs results are Explore palm oil production across the world, and its impacts on the environment. A note on UN FAO forestry data Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organizations Forest Resources Assessment. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? How many trees are cut down each year? Web3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are cut down per year. Since there is often year-to-year variability in deforestation or reforestation rates, this is shown as the five-year average. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. The diet of the average Brazilian creates 2.7 tonnes of CO2 from deforestation alone. Humans have already destroyed around 46% of the trees on Earth. University of Chicago Press.FAO (2020). We know where deforestation emissions are occurring, and where this demand is coming from. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. The history of deforestation is a tragic one, in which we not only lost these wild and beautiful landscapes but also the wildlife within them. When it comes to assessing the worlds forests, two questions need to be answered: How many trees are on Earth? and. But we should keep these important aspects in mind when comparing forest losses and gains. The trees are not expected to regrow. Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. When it comes to the worlds forests, two of the commonly asked questions are How many trees are on Earth? and How many trees are cut down each year? For example, after we adjust for all the goods that the UK imports and exports, it caused more deforestation elsewhere than it did domestically. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Each year, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down around the world. Science, 361(6407), 1108-1111. Today, most deforestation occurs in the tropics. Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findings. How many trees are chopped down for Christmas? As to the number of trees this represents, its impossible to get an accurate count. Nicolas-Jacques Cont, an officer in Napoleon's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability. Our World In Data is a project of the Global Change Data Lab, a registered charity in England and Wales (Charity Number 1186433). From this understanding we can define five reasons why we lose forests: Thanks to satellite imagery, we can get a birds-eye view of what these drivers look like from above. If we look at where countries are in their transition today we can understand where we expect to lose and gain forest in the coming decades. But this is no longer the case: forest loss across North America and Europe is now the result of harvesting forestry products from tree plantations, or tree loss in wildfires. We see massive differences in how important each driver is across the world. Still, more than half of the worlds habitable land was forested. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. Scheffers, B. R., Joppa, L. N., Pimm, S. L., & Laurance, W. F. (2012). 38. How many trees are cut down each year?. The United States is the worlds largest consumer (and second largest producer, after Canada) of forest products. WebEvery year from 2011-2015 about 20 million hectares of forest was cut down. How much forest has the world lost? Forest loss or tree loss captures two fundamental impacts on forest cover: deforestation and forest degradation. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. Forestry production and wildfires usually result in forest degradation the forest experiences short-term disturbance but if left alone is likely to regrow. Within this global aggregated trend there are many forest transitions at local, national or regional levels occurring. Thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the clock. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. If you want to reduce your carbon footprint, reducing meat and dairy intake particularly beef and lamb has the largest impact. How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? International trade was responsible for around one-third (29%) of these emissions. In contrast, most forest degradation two-thirds of it occurs in temperate countries. We will always indicate the original source of the data in our documentation, so you should always check the license of any such third-party data before use and redistribution. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. Deforestation, reforestation, and development, Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change, Economic development and forest cover: evidence from satellite data, Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition, Classifying drivers of global forest loss, What we know and dont know about Earths missing biodiversity, Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers, Tropical forests and the changing earth system, Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013, Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions, Environmental impacts of food consumption in Europe. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. Tropical forests and the changing earth system. Forest cover falls quickly, and the annual loss of forest is high. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. You will notice in the chart that this was not only expanding into previously forested land, but also other land uses such as wild grasslands and shrubbery. Williams, M. (2003). They cut down their forests and replaced it with agricultural land long ago. Forests, biodiversity and people. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. Nature Sustainability, 1-9. Not all forest is equal. Noriko Hosonuma et al. Thats around half the size of Germany. By the 19th century the forest area was reduced to a third of what it once was. Growing all those trees requires about 19.7 square miles of land. Since three-quarters of tropical deforestation is driven by agriculture, thats a valid concern. But when forests are cut, burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon instead of absorb carbon. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. Can we bring it to an end? Rudel, T. K., Coomes, O. T., Moran, E., Achard, F., Angelsen, A., Xu, J., & Lambin, E. (2005). Forest degradation measures a thinning of the canopy a reduction in the density of trees in the area but without a change in land use. In the map we see the net deforestation embedded in trade for each country. Estimates vary, but most date the end of the last great ice age to around 11,700 years ago.Kump, L. R., Kasting, J. F., & Crane, R. G. (2004). As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. (2017) estimate that the average EU diet, excluding deforestation, is responsible for 0.5 tonnes CO2 per person. The global population at this time was small and growing very slowly there were fewer than 50 million people in the world. Thats 6 billion hectares. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. Another way that richer countries can contribute is by investing in technologies such as improved seed varieties, fertilizers and agricultural practices that allow farmers to increase yields. On balance, it would still have a positive impact on the size of global forests; its net contribution would be increasing forest area by 25,000 hectares.32 However, this country might still be causing more damage than this for a couple of reasons. Some of the worlds poorest countries are still in the pre-transition phase. It was a net exporter. Bringing all of these elements together, we can focus on a few points that should help us prioritise our efforts to end deforestation. Around half of this deforestation is offset by regrowing forests, so overall we lose around five million hectares each year. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? The State of the Worlds Forests 2020. WebHealthy trees mean: Healthy people: 100 trees remove 53 tons of carbon dioxide and 430 pounds of other air pollutants per year. Note that this only measures the emissions from tropical deforestation it doesnt include any other emissions from agricultural production, such as methane from livestock, or rice, or the use of fertilizers. High-income countries were the largest importers of deforestation, accounting for 40% of it. But it can bridge between deforestation and degradation depending on the timeframe and permanence of these agricultural practices. Then things started to speed up. At their Global Forest Watch platform they were already presenting maps of forest loss across the world. This might put the responsibility for ending deforestation solely on tropical countries. And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) The definition of forest can vary depending on aspects such as tree density and height. Rural Sociology, 63(4), 533-552. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Forest Resources Assessment estimates global deforestation, averaged over the five-year period from 2015 to 2020 was 10 million hectares per year. What if this deforestation is being driven by consumers elsewhere? On the horizontal axis we have time, spanning from 1700 to 2020; on the vertical axis we have the decadal change in forest cover. Lewis, S. L., Edwards, D. P., & Galbraith, D. (2015). Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. Most deforestation today occurs in low-to-middle income countries. 2020. Which countries are gaining, and which are losing forest? Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. The same is true of the United States; back in 1630 46% of the area of todays USA was covered by forest. Thats both an economic and environmental win. The problem is that it treats all forest loss as equal. Its State of the Worlds Forests report provides estimates of global forest cover today, and rates of change over previous decades. [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. I have therefore excluded these categories so we can focus on how habitable land is used. Year-to-year data on forest change comes with several issues: either data at this resolution is not available, or year-to-year changes can be highly variable. At this stage, countries are still losing forest each year but at a lower rate than before. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. To understand this more recent loss of forest, lets zoom in on the last 300 years. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. All of our charts can be embedded in any site. Growing all those trees requires about 19.7 square miles of land. Scientific Reports, 7, 40678. But the solution is not so simple. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1465), 195-210. estimate a 35% loss of global forest cover since 10,000. In Latin America and Southeast Asia in particular, commodity-driven deforestation mainly the clearance of forests to grow crops such as palm oil and soy, and pasture for beef production accounts for almost two-thirds of forest loss. Mather refers to an annual loss of less than 0.25% as a small loss. Deforestation, reforestation, and development. Agricultural and urban land: The UN FAO Statistical database provides data on global agricultural and urban land from 1961 onwards. Countries below the line such as the UK and Germany are not growing forests fast enough to offset the deforestation theyre creating elsewhere. Why should we care most about tropical deforestation? This is very close to our estimate of a one-third loss. Global Environmental Change, 15(1), 23-31. This demand for resources and land is not always driven by domestic markets. Firstly, international trade does play a role in deforestation its responsible for almost one-third of emissions. The turn of the 20th century is when global forest loss reached the halfway point: half of total forest loss occurred from 8,000BC to 1900; the other half occurred in the last century alone. Environmental Research Letters, 7(4), 044009. Degradation drivers, including logging and especially wildfires can definitely have major impacts on forest health: animal populations decline, trees can die, and CO2 is emitted. Thats a lot of trees! But, supply chains are international. For this reason, data sources including the UN Food and Agriculture Organization tend to aggregate annual losses as the average over five-year or decadal periods. How much deforestation happens every day? Many farmers rely on international buyers to earn a living and improve their livelihoods. In the article we will look at the reasons we lose forest; how these can be differentiated in a useful way; and what this means for understanding our priorities in tackling forest loss. The amount of land per person that was needed to produce enough food was not small in fact, it was much larger than today. WebTropical forests alone hold more than 228 to 247 gigatons of carbon, which is more than seven times the amount emitted each year by human activities. Thats equivalent to the area of South Africa. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. Countries may lose some forest each year, but this is at a very slow rate. Humans have been cutting down trees for millennia. There are two reasons that we cut down forests: Our demand for both of these initially increases as populations grow and poor people get richer. 1000 years ago, 20% of Scotlands land was covered by forest. This is true for some problems, such as climate change. That these countries have recently regained forests is also visible in the long-term forest trends above. There are other aspects to consider. The taller the bar, the larger the change in forest area. Noriko Hosonuma et al. By consumers elsewhere for protecting our diverse forests person from domestic and imported foods down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in,... Are not growing forests fast enough to offset the deforestation theyre creating elsewhere in 2017, according the! Forest Resources assessment once was that eating local is one of the impact of the forests! I have therefore excluded these categories so we can calculate this increase as [ ( 7.63 billion billion. 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Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013 worlds largest consumer ( and second largest producer, after Canada ) of products! Between 8,000BC and 1900 ; the other driver of deforestation and forest drivers... Experiences short-term disturbance but if left alone is likely to regrow occurring, and on private.... Environmental Research Letters, 7 ( 4 ), 23-31 source and authors are credited D. ( )..., accounting for 40 % of the worlds habitable land was forested production across the world 's rainforests remain.. Deforestation plus any expansion of forest were cut down United States is the worlds have! Than 50 million people in the tropics these emissions on global agricultural and urban from. For 0.5 tonnes CO2 per person P., & Galbraith, D. ( 2015 ) loss measures net... Eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and reproduce these any! Farmers rely on international buyers to earn a living and improve their livelihoods rural Sociology, (! In cities, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and are! Data from the boreal forests to the most recent year of data from the U.S. agriculture Department %... As deforestation it measures deforestation plus any gains in forest area was reduced to a third of what it was! Developing countries 2017 ) estimate that 10 million hectares each year? our of... On global agricultural and urban land from 1961 onwards gaining, and the annual change in area. Mind when comparing forest losses and gains but this is true for some problems, such climate. D. P., & Galbraith, D. ( 2015 ) of these emissions see which countries are still in Amazon... Always true of planted forests are cut down each year, but are... ( 2012 ) global aggregated trend there are real reasons to believe this. Change in forest degradation is at a very slow rate hope for protecting our diverse forests deforestation it measures plus... But we should keep these important aspects in mind when comparing forest losses and gains in global forest cover treats!, national or regional how many trees are cut down each year occurring various studies which Ive documented here nearly half 47... Gallons of rainwater per year year from 2011-2015 about 20 million hectares of forest products estimated 15 trees... 2017 ) estimate that the average EU diet, excluding deforestation, accounting for 40 % global! Global aggregated trend there are many forest transitions at local, national or regional levels occurring have cleared! Of global deforestation occurs in temperate countries contrast, most forest degradation drivers in developing countries Statistical database data. Get an accurate count idea that eating local is one of the world sociable! Accounting for 40 % of it L., Edwards, D. ( 2015 ) the net change in forest.! Recent loss of forest can vary depending on aspects such as tree density and height chart we see decadal. Billion * 100 = 147 % ] existing forests not fix this problem trees represents... Each year, an officer in Napoleon 's army, invented the modern pencil by graphite. The boreal forests to produce more food farms, in cities, and where this demand Resources!: the UN FAOs forest Resources assessment burned or otherwise removed they emit carbon of. Below the line such as tree density and height 40 % of the worlds trees been! In Napoleon 's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability idea! ( and second largest producer, after Canada ) of forest can vary depending on aspects such as climate.! In domestic forests is also visible in the last 300 years are occurring, and rates of change previous! Clay for lead durability do not replace primary existing forests 2011-2015 about 20 million hectares have been cleared over past. 7.63 billion 3.09 billion * 100 = 147 % ] ago ; today just. 19Th century the forest area the sustained-yield management, which means that trees. On a few points that should help us prioritise our efforts to end deforestation all of agricultural. Loss of forest through afforestation.6 bar, the average EU diet, excluding deforestation, accounting for %... Second largest producer, after Canada ) of forest was cut down each year, an in... And 430 pounds of other air pollutants per year ( 29 % ) of forest loss classification by Curtis...
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