laos capital

Buddha park in Vientiane, Laos. Export earnings from international visitors and tourism goods are expected to generate 16% of total exports or US$270.3million in 2010, growing in nominal terms to US$484.2million (12.5% of the total) in 2020. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. As the country opens up, with an increasing number of roads and bridges being built the tourist attractions are becoming more and more accessible. [127] Of the potential capacity of approximately 18,000 megawatts, around 8,000 megawatts have been committed for export to Thailand and Vietnam. [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. Vientiane, Laos might seem sleepy and languid by Southeast Asia standards, but the Lao PDR capital might surprise you with its diversity of cuisine, quirky sights, friendly locals, and infectious sabai-sabai attitude. Shortly after, the Kingdom of Champasak and the territory of Vientiane were added to the protectorate. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant national monument in Laos: That Luang (Great Stupa), which is the symbol of Lao and an icon of Buddhism in Laos. According to linguistic and other historical evidence, Tai-speaking tribes migrated southwestward to the modern territories of Laos and Thailand from Guangxi sometime between the 8th and 10th centuries. . Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. Laosul i are originile n Imperiul Lan Xang ce a existat ntre secolele XIV i XVIII.. Dup o perioad de apartenen la Imperiul Colonial . Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. It was built in 1556, when the capital was moved from Luang Prabang to Vientiene, and took 6 years to complete. It was not until the arrival of the French in 1893 that the city was revived. Laos will . [45] The Japanese attempted to force Sisavang Vong (the King of Luang Phrabang) to declare Laotian independence, but on 8 April he instead simply declared an end to Laos's status as a French protectorate. The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. [80] Following the Vue Mai incident, debate over the Hmong's planned repatriation to Laos intensified greatly, especially in the United States, where it drew strong opposition from many American conservatives and some human rights advocates. Laos Laos is the only . [43] As late as 1945, the French drew up an ambitious plan to move massive Vietnamese population to three key areas, i.e., the Vientiane Plain, Savannakhet region, and the Bolaven Plateau, which was only derailed by the Japanese invasion of Indochina. It is evident throughout the country, expressed in language, temples and the arts and literature. [46], Male life expectancy at birth was at 62.6 years and female life expectancy was at 66.7 years in 2017. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. However, historians claim the city was an ancient Khmer settlement that formed around a Hindu temple. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. [152], Sixty-six percent of Laotians were Theravada Buddhist, 1.5 percent Christian, 0.1 percent Muslim, 0.1 percent Jewish, and 32.3 percent were other or traditional (mostly practitioners of Satsana Phi) in 2010. In an effort to halt the planned repatriation, the Republican-led USSenate and House of Representatives both appropriated funds for the remaining Thailand-based Hmong to be immediately resettled in the United States; Clinton, however, responded by promising a veto of the legislation. Laos does not have a well-developed capital market, although government policies increasingly support the formation of capital and free flow of financial resources. More than a century later, the kingdom was replaced by the Kingdom of Vientiane in 1707. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. In 1899, Vientiane became the capital of the French protectorate of Laos, which ensured further development in the city. Vientiane is the capital and largest city in Laos. Vientiane: Laos' Capital City . Gunderson, Steve (18 May 1996) "State Department Outlines Resettlement Guidelines for Hmong Refugees". Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. Asia. Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. The city also has a well-developed economy and a thriving tourism sector that attracts a large number of international investors. Vientiane was a Khmer (remember Cambodia?) They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. Tuy nhin, cng ty ch giao dch c 216.678 c phiu theo phng thc tha thun do cha t k vng v gi. 3. The first Lao kingdom, called Lan Xang or "land of the million elephants," was founded by Fa Ngum in 1353. The National University of Laos, one of the country's three universities, is located in Vientiane. [169][170] In September 2017, Laos submitted Dearest Sister (Lao: ), Mattie Do's second feature film, to the 90th Academy Awards (or the Oscars) for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, marking the country's first submission for the Oscars. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. But around the 11th and 12th centuries, the Lao and Thai came from Southern China and overtook the area. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a . For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. . Vientiane, Laos - Jul 29, 1998: Tuk-tuk and Patuxai Triumphal arch in Lane Xang Avenue. ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. [78] Of those Hmong who did return to Laos, some quickly escaped back to Thailand, describing discrimination and brutal treatment at the hands of Lao authorities. [85] Several thousand Hmong people, fearing forced repatriation to Laos if they were not accepted for resettlement in the United States, fled the camp to live elsewhere within Thailand where a sizeable Hmong population has been present since the 19th century. Most of these projects will be carried out through public-private partnerships under the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model as the government is encouraging the private sector . [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the city is also the most populous in the nation. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. The airport in Paske was completed in 2009 with one terminal for both international and domestic flights. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. [47][46], The First Indochina War took place across French Indochina and eventually led to French defeat and the signing of a peace accord for Laos at the Geneva Conference of 1954. In a 23 October 1995 National Review article, Michael Johns, the former Heritage Foundation foreign policy expert and Republican White House aide, labelled the Hmong's repatriation a Clinton administration "betrayal", describing the Hmong as a people "who have spilled their blood in defense of American geopolitical interests". If you drive into town, you might not even realize when you're actually in the city proper, as Vientiane blends seamlessly with the countryside. The organisation estimates that there are 173,800 French speakers in Laos (2010 est.). [47][51] The royalists set up a government in exile in the United States. Calculating U.S. 783.322 c phiu cn li tip tc c FPT Capital . The nation's most important government buildings, ministries, departments and foreign embassies are located in Vientiane. [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game.[185]. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18N 105E / 18N 105E / 18; 105. You'll find yourself slowly won over by the easy charms of this evolving . English, the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has become increasingly studied in recent years. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). Other carriers serving the country include Bangkok Airways, Vietnam Airlines, AirAsia, Thai Airways and China Eastern Airlines. Laos has the youngest population of any country in Asia with a median age of 21.6 years. CIA agent Bill Lair met with the young Hmong military . Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". 500 BC - The Plain of Jars, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, dates from between 500 BC and 500 AD. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. Of the almost $6 billion cost for the China-Laos railway, the Chinese government will pay 70 percent. Soukvimarn is one of the older restaurants in Vientiane and a local favorite. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. Laos Capital City, Vientiane. In 2016, China was the biggest foreign investor in Laos's economy, having invested in US$5.395billion since 1989, according to Laos Ministry of Planning and Investment's 19892014 report. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. [81] Debate on the issue escalated quickly. Pakxe has also experienced growth based on cross-border trade with Thailand and Vietnam. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . The city has a tropical monsoon climate, every month . Fa Ngum was born into the royal family in Muang Sua, the capital of a small state ruled by King Souvanna Khampong. A post-independence civil war began, which saw the communist resistance, supported by the Soviet Union, fight against the monarchy that later came under influence of military regimes supported by the United States. The Lao PDR is one of the world's few socialist states openly endorsing communism. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. Vientiane is the largest city with an area of 3,920km and the most populous in Laos with a population of 562,244. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. 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