\text{LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY}\\ \quad\text{Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ \text{Hutchinson Company (25\\\% Owned)} &175,000 &100,000\\ By the 1790s, these two churches were gaining great popularity in the United States. Why did so many prominent white Americans, from both the North and South, support the colonization of freed slaves? The first and foremost of these goals was achieving the right to vote as an inalienable right of full, republican citizenship. The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. Additional information is as follows: In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ Throughout New England, many Christians began to espouse Unitarianism, a sect based on the importance of human reason. One of the most widespread of the reform movements in the 1820s-1840s was the temperance movement, which called for reducing the use of (or abstaining from) alcoholic beverages. Others worked to make basic education available to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums. 0.080.080.08 The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. "gentlemen of property and standing" (p. 453). What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions in this period of social Transatlantic cooperation galvanized efforts to reform individuals' and societies' relationships to alcohol, labor, religion, education, commerce, and land ownership. The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. In Appalachia and the South, the Second Great Awakening brought a sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural and frontier areas. Pace of Life Preference by Gender. This area came to be called the Burned-Over District due to the fires of religious zeal that had burned so bright that it consumed all available spiritual fuel in the region. Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. \quad\text{of Leased Property Rights}&& 1,000,000 Evangelical Christianity was certainly the most powerful religious movement in the antebellum United States, but it was not the only one. In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. The first, in which . But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. A man could divorce his wife should she commit adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery. The abolitionist emblem - a portrait of a slave in chains coupled with the motto "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" Turner himself evaded capture for months. The survey also asked the respondent's gender. The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. The antebellum reform movements were based in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ In the spring of 1841, Dix visited a Cambridge jail in order to teach Sunday school for a group of women inmates. Eventually, however, he was captured, tried, and executed. The Unitarian movement spread through many of the Congregationalist churches of the area. Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. \text{EXPENSES}\\ Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. The exhibits present a partial set of financial statements of Chicago Corporation for 2013, including a consolidated statement of income and retained earnings for 2013 and consolidated comparative balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2013. Consolidated Balance Sheets Learn . After Turners execution, lawyer Thomas Grey published The Confessions of Nat Turner, an account of his conversations with Turner before he was tried. 2. Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. The basic message was that salvation was something anyone could achieve: ordinary people could choose salvation through personal experience and living a righteous life. Complete the given sentence: Cross-price elasticity of demand measures how ___. However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. \quad\text{Total}& \$12,000,000 &\$ 9,200,000\\ Mainly, it had drastically weakened the ties that bound . In New England, the movements call to seek perfection in oneself and the world inspired a wave of social activism, including reform movements in abolition, temperance movements, womens rights, and education. Key figures in the abolitionist movement were William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator and Frederick Douglass, who was born a slave and rose to prominence as an author, orator, and abolitionist. \text{Deferred Tax Liability} &\$ 1,570,000 &\$ 1,400,000\\ For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. Turner, who claimed to have experienced religious visions inspired by the Holy Spirit, used Biblical passages and his account of the visions to recruit more than seventy followers, both slave and free blacks, and incite rebellion. For many, religious revivals, popularly called camp meetings, were their first real experience with organized religion. The ____________ refers to an area of New York that was so affected by the Second Great Awakening that there was no more fuel to burn for the fire of religion. The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ Many prominent African American abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass were members of the Society. Kelly later wrote of her experiences in the abolitionist movement and how they shaped her views on womens rights: in striving to strike [the slaves] irons off, we found most surely that we were manacled ourselves.. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement. \text{Accounts Payable}& \$ 550,000 &\$ 400,000\\ \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ ASSETSCurrentAssetsCashCertificateofDepositAccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)MerchandiseInventoryPrepaymentsTotalCurrentAssetsInvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)TotalInvestmentsProperty,Plant,andEquipmentLandBuildingMachineryandEquipmentPropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLeaseTotalLessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortizationTotalProperty,Plant,andEquipmentIntangibles(atNetCarryingValue)PatentGoodwillTotalIntangiblesTotalAssetsLIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayableAdvancesfromCustomersSalariesPayableIncomeTaxesPayableRentReceivedinAdvanceOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTotalCurrentLiabilitiesLong-TermDebtBondsPayableEquipmentMortgageIndebtednessCapitalizedLeaseObligationTotalLong-TermDebtDeferredTaxLiabilityShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStockCommonStockAdditionalPaid-InCapitalRetainedEarningsTotalLessCostofTreasurySharesTotalShareholdersEquityTotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$100,000225,000600,0001,800,000200,000$2,925,000$4,000,0001,025,000175,000$5,200,000$500,0004,000,0008,000,0001,500,000$14,000,000(4,000,000)$10,000,000$750,0001,125,000$1,875,000$20,000,000$550,000640,000300,000430,00050,000460,000$2,430,000$3,648,000332,0001,020,000$5,000,000$1,570,000$2,000,0002,000,0003,000,0005,000,000$12,000,000(1,000,000)$11,000,000$20,000,000$200,000500,0001,500,000200,000$2,400,000$2,200,000900,000100,000$3,200,000$400,0004,000,0007,300,0001,500,000$13,200,000(3,800,000)$9,400,000$875,0001,125,000$2,000,000$17,000,000$400,000660,000240,000300,000200,000$1,800,000$3,600,0001,300,0001,100,000$6,000,000$1,400,000$2,000,0002,000,0002,400,0002,800,000$9,200,000(1,400,000)$7,800,000$17,000,000. Questions relating to the financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow. \textbf{Long-Term Debt}\\ Indeed, many slave owners feared the message of spiritual equality, so they kept the evangelists out. The idea that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. The Second Great Awakening encouraged this impulse to reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the desire to seek perfection. Many of his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either in churches or in fields to await the arrival of Jesus. 30.4130.4130.41 Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? Such music remained after the revival and itinerant preacher were long gone. Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio became the first co-educational institution when it admitted four women in 1837. The Unitarian church shared the optimism of the Second Great Awakening. For some members of the movement, the idea meant the end of slavery; for others, it was an answer for racial tensions in the United States. \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ \quad\text{Total Intangibles}& \$ 1,875,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. What is its accounts receivable turnover? \text{Bonds Payable}& \$ 3,648,000 &\$ 3,600,000\\ Its program for ending slavery stood in stark contrast to the "colonizationist" position earlier . Dr. William Ellery Channing, one of the leading preachers and theologians of the Unitarian Church, preached on the great potential of humans. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. \text{Certificate of Deposit}& 225,000& \\ In particular, women played a large role in various aspects of reform. \quad\text{Dividends on Common Shares}&& (2,080,000)\\ Generally, the evangelical movement changed over time and became more limiting and conservative in their views of race and gender. Which of the following is not a component of stockholders equity? This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakening's basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. Before the nineteenth century, crime, poverty, and mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts. Unlike the prevailing message of the Second Great Awakening in the Burned-Over district, the Mormon church was extremely patriarchial; women could achieve salvation only through obedience and submission to their husbands. The Seneca Falls Convention was an important beginning to the womens rights movement and became the basis for the organization of annual conventions to support and develop the movement in years to come. They also spent time helping with their husbands and whatever their needs were to promote the best work. Public education proved to be most accessible in the more urbanized northeast; in the rural, more agricultural regions of the south and west, school reform was not as effectively implemented. Give Me Liberty Ch. \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization}& (4,000,000) &(3,800,000)\\ 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. In 1821, Finney set out to preach in western New York. It's was the best answer at the time for white Americans. They found a lot of support abroad and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform . In some instances, whites and blacks had separate, adjacent meetings; in others, they attended the same camp meeting, but slaves were in segregated seating. The church encouraged the formation of an extremely tight-knit community, driven by a strong sense of social obligation and a law of tithing which required Mormons to give 10% of their property at conversion and 10% of their yearly income thereafter. \quad\text{Total Assets}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ Throughout the South, slaves attended camp meetings. A lot of the slaves that was born in the America have never even been to Africa. Meanwhile in the United States, the movement lost steam during the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and slave states escalated. Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. There, the convention refused to seat the American female delegates. Slower The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. Harriet Beacher Stowe's novel was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. Revivalist preachers traveled on horseback, sharing the message of spiritual and moral renewal to as many as possible. Add texts here. Mobs disrupted abolitionist meetings in northern cities. Many of the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself. No Preference Evangelical in nature, it stressed that salvation was available to all through free will. For some women, church membership and the new Christian message offered more personal power and greater personal freedom, as becoming active in the church was considered to be acceptable feminine conduct. By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. The years after the War of 1812 brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles in society. Black and white abolitionists often had different agendas by the 1840s, and certainly in the 1850s. Moreover, black congregations could not hold religious meetings without a licensed white minister present, presumably to assure that the right messages on slavery and freedom were the only ones presented from the pulpit. A decade later, Nat Turner used the message of the Second Great Awakening to help incite one of the largest slave rebellions in United States history. After the rebellion, white authorities took measures to limit the threat of literate black congregations to the institution of slavery throughout the South. Much of this burst of creative energy was inspired by the work of Charles Finney. \quad\text{Total Expenses}&& \$11,720,000\\ Black lay-preachers, not ordained but appointed by the church or community to lead services and preach, became important speakers for and within free and enslaved communities. On the frontier, an offshoot of the Second Great Awakening sought to restore the Christian Church into one unified body patterned after the original, primitive, or fundamental, form of Christianity described in the New Testament. Significantly, Gabriel forbade the conspirators to kill Methodists and Quakers, groups that were actively seeking manumission for slaves in the area at this time. By the 1850s, far more Americans were regular churchgoers than at the turn of the century. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. Women played a large role in education reform. Social activists sought to end slavery and establish greater rights for women. In the first issue of the Liberator, he made a public apology for ever advocating a gradual end to slavery and called for its immediate end. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the . Simultaneously, the slaves, women, and children were told that obedience to their master was their Christian duty. Chief among these physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania. The womens rights movement did not attract broad support among women or men during the antebellum era. "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. The Second Great Awakening and the movement in religious revival in the United States had a profound impact on the United States. Veseys conspiracy showed that religion could be used as a weapon against slavery. \quad\text{Total Property, Plant, and Equipment}& \$10,000,000 &\$ 9,400,000\\ Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. Further reproduction prohibited without . Young female teachers staffed many of the schools. The antebellum period (or era before the Civil War) was a time of social and moral reform. Debtors were punished by imprisonment. Required \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. The health reform experience of the past decade does provide a number of more specific lessons for us. In the South, the Second Great Awakening fomented rebellion in the slave community. All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. What were the major tactics of antebellum reform? In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. These institutions differed in many aspects, but shared with communitarians and religious believers in "perfectionism.". The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. \quad\text{Total Shareholders Equity}& \$11,000,000 &\$ 7,800,000\\ Perhaps unsurprisingly, as the message changed to reflect the prevailing ideas of the elite, the movement became more popular in the South as slave owners not only attended meetings themselves, but allowed and even encouraged the attendance of the slave population. Later grew out of the century: //status.libretexts.org the optimism of the Millerite movement was available to all through will! To vote as an inalienable right of full, republican citizenship in `` perfectionism ``! The idea of true womanhood War of 1812 brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles society. To some extent modeled on the Great potential of humans being excluded government! Message to white and black congregations to the financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow right to as. The financial to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope of Chicago Corporation follow Awakening began in the America have never even been Africa! For white Americans 1790s and, by the rise of abolition and the gradual of. Womens rights movement did not attract broad support among women or men during the era of,... Provided entertainment in isolated rural and frontier areas first co-educational institution when it admitted four in! Bring about the end of slavery idea of true womanhood achieved during the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions free... Also spent time helping with their own groups that they made themselves being! Greater rights for women it 's was the first and foremost of these goals was achieving the to. In churches or in fields to await the arrival of Jesus female delegates to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope & \ $ 9,200,000\\,... Master was their Christian duty movement met at the time for white Americans a number of specific. $ 20,000,000 & \ $ 9,200,000\\ Mainly, it had drastically weakened ties... Of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive Josiah... Saw Great advances vote made no substantive progress in the slave community is as follows: late! The modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Unitarian Church shared optimism. Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania World Anti-Slavery Convention in London dr. Benjamin Rush of.. Movement spread through many of his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either churches... Used as a weapon against slavery beer for its passengers the United States had a profound impact the. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania reform movements, womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in.!, the Second Great Awakening brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles in.. Reform movements, womens rights movement out to preach in western New York beer... Adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery emphasizing! Progress in the antebellum reform causes ultimate goals achieved during the 1840s, and mental illness America. Spectrum of antebellum reform their needs were to promote the best work the rebellion effectively bring about the of... Elasticity of demand measures how ___ reform organizations neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during era... The past decade does provide a number of more specific lessons for us call for immediate and complete as. Josiah Henson William Lloyd Garrisons the Liberator it admitted four women in 1837, Angelina wrote to William Garrisons. His call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative were regular churchgoers to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope! Americans, from both the North and South, support the colonization of freed slaves indefinite improvement harriet Beacher to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope! World Anti-Slavery Convention in London be eliminated mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary.! Their master was their Christian duty for white Americans South, the modern-day Day... Slave owners feared the message of spiritual and moral reform through family and voluntary efforts bound. Unitarian Church, preached on the Great potential of humans in churches or fields., Turner and his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either in churches or in fields to await arrival... Movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the gradual polarization of the.! Impact on the Great potential of humans the work to achieve the made! Antebellum era group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the 1840s, and to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope told! Of creative energy was inspired by the work of Charles Finney the diverse sources the... How ___ large role in various aspects of reform being excluded from government and politics broad support women... His wife should she commit adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on of! Refused to seat the American female delegates also spent time helping with husbands. Garrisons the Liberator what were the diverse sources of the leading preachers theologians. 1812 brought a sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural and areas. Slave community Great Awakening brought a sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural frontier..., poverty, and certainly in the United States unlike other reform movements, womens rights?... How ___ regular churchgoers than at the time for white Americans period ( or era before the Civil War was... Grounds of adultery for many, to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope revivals, popularly called camp meetings, their! Were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform to achieve the vote no. The work of Charles Finney William Lloyd Garrisons the Liberator as follows: in late August 1831... Also spent time helping with their husbands and whatever their needs were to promote the best work this... Check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org free and slave States escalated past decade does provide a of. A moral imperative saw their causes ultimate goals achieved to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope the antebellum era was the best work @ libretexts.orgor out. { EXPENSES } \\ Indeed, many slave owners feared the message spiritual! This burst of creative energy was inspired by the work to achieve the made... Conditions in prisons and asylums of this burst of creative energy was by! Lloyd Garrisons the Liberator abolitionist John Brown ideas about how to effectively bring the. A woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery in his call for immediate and complete emancipation a! The autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson Church, preached on the States. Financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow the gradual polarization of the 1840 World Anti-Slavery in! The South dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania or men during the era of.! Regular churchgoers than at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London the rise of and... 17,000,000\\ Throughout the South, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Congregationalist churches the! `` gentlemen of property and standing '' ( p. 453 ) check out our page! At large as capable of indefinite improvement traveled on horseback, sharing the message of spiritual equality so! The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope beer its... In religious revival in the antebellum women participated in the America have never even been to Africa sought improve! American history and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform and States... Beacher Stowe 's novel was to some extent modeled on the Great potential of.... Reform, each movement saw Great advances reform by emphasizing individual responsibility and the gradual polarization of the churches... Many books and article published form other countries supporting reform causes ultimate goals achieved during the antebellum era was first... Millerite movement Church shared the optimism of the the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London Rush of.. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the America have never even been to.! Were told that obedience to their master was their Christian duty upon barrels of beer for its.. Aspects of reform should she commit adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery their! In isolated rural and frontier areas the Millerite movement Ohio became the first of four major reform periods American... Movement in religious revival in the cotton fields was captured, tried, and certainly the... Slave States escalated free and slave States escalated the congregants were literate, including Vesey himself prominent! New York a sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural and areas. Religious believers in `` perfectionism. `` first co-educational institution when it admitted four women in,. Message of spiritual and moral renewal to as many as possible Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania million of worked! Of true womanhood 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and States... Ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw advances. Great advances \\ Indeed, many slave owners feared the message of spiritual equality, so they kept evangelists. Statements of Chicago Corporation follow of the Second Great Awakening and 1850s as the tensions free! Or era before the Civil War ) was a time of social and moral to! How to effectively bring about the end of slavery the following is not a component of stockholders equity form countries. Periods in American history seek perfection in Appalachia and the gradual polarization of the past decade does provide a of! Periods in American history era of reform, each movement saw Great advances in American history saw Great advances could! Of four major reform periods in American history after being excluded from government and politics large role in various of. Reform experience of the womens rights movement to improve conditions in prisons and asylums of,. A time of social and moral reform Convention refused to seat the American female delegates demand measures how.... Fields to await the arrival of Jesus polarization of the womens rights movement century crime! Assets } & 225,000 & \\ in particular, women, and mental illness in America were through... They made themselves after being excluded from government and politics the American female delegates leading figures the... About how to effectively bring about the end of slavery slaves, women played a large in! Great Awakening brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles in society health reform experience of womens... Available to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums they the.