0000020092 00000 n After relocating the containment structure, the framing and plastic nylon coverings for the sides are reinstalled before blasting and repainting operations begin. Although containment structures are designed to reduce the dispersion of lead into the environment, they usually increase worker exposure to airborne lead, reduce visibility, and increase the risk of slip and fall injuries due to waste material build-up on the footing surface of the enclosure. Finally, because only the paint is removed, the surface may need to be "brush-off" blasted with an abrasive to produce a rough surface to facilitate adhesion of the new coating. Lead caulking is used in commercial construction building applications, most commonly in the joining or sealing of cast iron soil pipes. Order entry Use of ventilation system like fume hoods, snorkels, etc. All exhaust systems and vacuum equipment must be equipped with HEPA filters. Additional exposures to lead can occur when lead sheets and bricks are fused with a welding torch or cut with a power saw when they are made into shielding containers. The high-density foam cleaning medium is absorptive and can be used either wet or dry. The containment must be constructed to collect water rather than to control dust emissions. b. I2\mathrm{I}_2I2 However, long-term operating costs tend to be lower, especially when protecting multiple workers. Use $S=0.9$. the continuous-flow respirators) should be used only for abrasive blast operations where the abrasive materials do not include silica sand and the level of contaminant in the ambient air does not exceed 25 or 50 times the recommended exposure limit, respectively. Vacuum Blasting of an Elevated Water Storage Tank. To conduct these efforts, NIOSH works collaboratively with partners both in the United States and around the world. The health hazard in these operations arises from lead fumes becoming airborne. Engineering Controls Employers should use engineering controls to maintain occupational radiation doses (and doses to the public) ALARA is applied after determining that radiation dose will not exceed applicable regulatory dose limits. Which of the following primary engineering controls are designed for compounding nonhazardous sterile preparations? It provides needed support for ensuring that proper work practices are followed by workers. Every 6 months for recertification, Cleanroom, Buffer Room and ANTE Room are examples of PEC or SEC, Room in which air quality is controlled to meet 0000007199 00000 n Separate clean and dirty change areas are essential in preventing cross-contamination of the employees' street and work clothing. This page details the types of engineering controls used at UCL. A system of devices such as pumps, piping, and scrubbers to prevent the release of liquids, gases, and vapors to the atmosphere. trailer <<3FE115B2CE3646B19D51F54324A682A6>]/Prev 831446/XRefStm 2832>> startxref 0 %%EOF 709 0 obj <>stream 4 0 obj Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by Engineering controls, when feasible, are considered the first line of defense for avoiding exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Where feasible, lead-containing debris and contaminated items accumulated for disposal should be wet-misted before handling. This system uses compressed air to propel the abrasive medium to the surface being cleaned; however, water (which reduces dusting) is injected into the abrasive stream either before or after the abrasive exits the nozzle (Figure V:3-1). Chapter 2 - Engineering Controls. is, in fact, the velocity profile. Local, State, and other Federal authorities may have specific requirements regarding types of encapsulants that can be used. Which type of Laminar Flow Hood should not be used for hazardous chemicals? d. Ca(NO3)2\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2Ca(NO3)2 These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. 0000022689 00000 n e. C6H14\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{14}C6H14, PECs are designed to maintain ISO Class _______ air quality in the compounding work zone, PEC with Unidirectional, linear airflow at a fixed velocity within a confined area, Air that exits the high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter is called ______ _____, HEPA filter Removes _______% of particles _____ micron, HEPA filters use positive velocity (______ feet per minute 20%) to prevent room air from entering clean zone, When airflow is compromised in a laminar flow hood it creates a, Zone of turbulence is ____X the diameter of the object Where legally permitted, some elevator companies have switched the wire ropes on older elevators from sockets that utilize poured babbitt metal to wedge clamps or to sockets utilizing a thermoplastic/epoxy mixture (Personal communication, E. Donoghue, Consultant to National Elevator Industry, Inc., February 25, 1991.). Explain your reasoning using thermodynamic concepts. Use of wet-sanding and wet-scraping methods in conjunction with HEPA vacuuming or HEPA mechanical ventilation. CDC twenty four seven. Recommended/feasible engineering controls (e.g., isolation, substitution, change of process, wet methods, local exhaust ventilation, general ventilation) are then discussed for each task or operation, along with work practice controls that are unique to these activities. Three separate miscellaneous activities representative of the jobs performed by this group of workers are discussed below. Recirculating Exhaust Air. Examples of PPE include gloves, safety glasses, hearing protection, hard hats, and respirators. Origin of the microbe, or the agent in question, and the route of exposure are also important. Substitution includes using a material that is less hazardous than lead, changing from one type of process equipment to another, or even, in some cases, changing the process itself to reduce the potential exposure to lead. All workplace surfaces must be maintained as free as practicable of accumulations of lead dust. The other activities typically take place in a workshop and are therefore covered under the general industry lead standard (. /T1_0 16 0 R Filtered materials as well as other waste and debris should be placed in appropriately labeled, 6-mil plastic bags or sealed containers suitable for the transport of lead waste, and stored in a secure area pending disposal in accordance with State and/or local requirements. Hydraulic shears can sometimes be used to mechanically cut steel that is coated with lead based-paint. 0000002832 00000 n Effective substitutes reduce the potential for harmful effects and do not create new risks. The melting point of the filler metals is usually quite low (<600F) and the activity does not generate significant concentrations of metal fumes. In addition, ensure to the extent possible that workers are upstream from the blasting operation to reduce their exposure to lead dust entrained in the ventilation air. Poles and hooks A biological safety cabinet has what type of airflow, Which Class of BSCs provides personnel and environmental protection, but no product protection, Between Class 2 Type A1 and Class 2 Type A2, which one should not to be used for work involving volatile hazardous medications, Class 2 TYpe A1 This may be achieved by installing sheet-rock walls on top of the paint, covering surfaces with fiberglass, or recoating housing components with a nonlead-based paint. Use of a flexible duct system requires that the welder be instructed to keep the duct close to the emission source and to ensure the duct is not twisted or bent. 652 0 obj <> endobj xref 652 58 0000000016 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] It is more time-consuming than conventional open abrasive blasting because the abrasive blast nozzle must be smaller to be able to capture the ricocheting abrasive and dust. Elimination and substitution can be the most difficult actions to adopt into an existing process. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Because most field soldering and brazing work is conducted with a torch, it is difficult to regulate operating temperatures to within recommended limits to reduce the amount of metal fumes generated. Redesigning, changing, or substituting equipment to remove the source of excessive temperatures, noise, or pressure; Redesigning a process to use less toxic chemicals; Redesigning a work station to relieve physical stress and remove ergonomic hazards; or. NIOSH Division of Safety Research. Because some substitute materials may have their own unique hazards, the MSDS for the substitute material should be consulted before it is used. 0000011279 00000 n 0000029438 00000 n 0000017143 00000 n The exposure ranges assigned to the different categories of tasks are based on data collected by OSHA and other sources including two advisory groups. To learn more about how engineering controls fit into the strategy for reducing and/or eliminating occupational hazards, visit our hierarchy of controls website. endobj The amount of time a worker may spend actually welding or cutting can vary from only a few minutes up to a full shift. In this situation, lead becomes airborne as a volatilized component of the coating. endobj For the same reason, vehicles driven to the worksite should be parked where they will not be contaminated with lead. The concentric cylinders are $50 \mathrm{~cm}$ long. A safety valve that automatically opens at a sept pressure to protect the process vessels or piping from excessive pressure. Wet methods include misting of peeling paint with water before scraping, and sanding and misting of debris prior to sweeping or vacuuming. In this operation, the lead is typically melted above ground and then lowered by the assistant to the splicer, who is located in the manhole or underground vault. The hierarchy of controls is a way of determining which actions will best control exposures. Administrative controls establish work practices that reduce the duration, frequency, or intensity of exposure to hazards. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Engineering controls: process containment and process upset controls Term 1 / 9 Closed environment drain system Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 9 A system of devices such as pumps, piping, and scrubbers to prevent the release of liquids, gases, and vapors to the atmosphere. Whenever possible, pneumatic air tools should be used to remove rivets in lieu of burning and torch cutting. 2VzXi\^E ?_[ Lead-Related Construction Tasks and Their Presumed 8-Hour TWA Exposure Levels, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, OSHA Technical Manual (OTM) - Section V: Chapter 3. Use of techniques with known low exposure potential, such as encapsulation and removal or replacement instead of hand-scraping and hand-sanding. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. 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