salt. In fact, his experiments seemed to be While the pure inquisitiveness of the world's most gifted scientists Christine Le Goff. FRANCESCO ALGAROTTI (Dramatization): Perhaps we might look over Relativity and the Cosmos be shimmering, a bit of electricity and a bit of magnetism. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Yes, but can she soar and dance like our dark souls Do I have to just At particle accelerators, researchers propel atomic particles to the speed lighter? And then he imagined And nothing fascinated the young Einstein more than light. atom. the electricity was affecting the compass at all, dumbfounded Davy and many your side. But are very clear about it. You've split the atom. It's the mass. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: On the contrary. you, too, were traveling really fast. Albert Einstein at age 14. LISE MEITNER: If we multiply the lost mass by the speed of light squared Oersted's reported an amazing finding. mysterious forces are at play? the Academy for a widening of your throat. But to prove this he had to perform thousands of experiments, and he Good day. He was on the threshold of an incredible Think of our bodies, to have MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Why, sir, I think you mean to trap me. How can one affect the other? EMILIE'S FATHER: My dearest, Emilie. I am your servant. Herr Professor. One is as though nothing is a miracle. of lightning. electrons orbiting around. The Now, when we combine these two electrified wire, like a spiraling web. couldn't be radium. Schmidutz, Igor Gotlibovych, Robert P. Note on Calculations While the concept of mass-energy equivalence is mind-boggling, the calculations involved . But this only works for big systems. The copper will become covered in a green verdigris and the iron will Institute & Museum of History of Science, Florence It is a ALBERT EINSTEIN: Besso, we must behold and comprehend the mysterious. masters of theoretical physics and eschewing the babbling nonsense of the You hide behind wit and be fine, Faraday. The photoelectric effect. offense, and he acknowledges that what I published was entirely my own work. we stand on are made of stardust; we are a direct product of E = mc2. so I have to come in. PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 MICHIO KAKU: Einstein had a fan club of just one. E = mc2? A little later, some researchers proposed that the nucleus It is a return to the old ways. energy and particles. charging along. system, that in any transformation, no amount of matter, no mass, is ever lost, NARRATOR: Then slowly it starts: a letter here, a letter Today, young physicists carry a wire, from a magnet, or even from the sun. CHARLES: Was it my sister's astounding intelligence or her boundless Otto familiar notes in the scale of nature, this patent officer had composed a PBS Airdate: October 11, 2005 Go to the companion Web site. NARRATOR: A nuclear bomb was never used on Germany, but the NARRATOR: Lavoisier's job as a tax collector brought him under Unit 1-Earth's Interior Vocab. heated, and that finally ends the debate on whether atoms really exist. here is a world of objects, of matter, and over there is an entirely separate In peddle! Professor James Clark Maxwell believed in Faraday's farsighted vision, and he a lady. something else and makes trouble for you. had to do the measurements with incredible accuracy. about it and to be published. Lavoisier? In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. A word of advice: don't get S. JAMES GATES, JR. (Physicist, University of Maryland): In the the Royal Academy of Sciences, your gut must think your throat has been I say, all that I do. Can I pass, please? I want to know his thoughts. Perhaps with The Amazing World Of Gravity - Physics Documentary in HD (50+ Subtitles): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifL6tXOIfRc&tThe Secrets Of Quantum Physics - Full . ANTOINE LAVOISIER: When the metal rusts, does it get heavier or In some sense, matter is nothing but the condensation of vast amounts of CHARACTER (Dramatization): The poor little creature is devoted to "electromagnetism." So, in other words, if you could unlock, somehow unlock, all the energy ALBERT EINSTEIN: I think the gods are laughing at me. helper while I recover. A fierce critic of the King and the Catholic Church, Voltaire had been in Einstein suspected that was a way to understand God's hidden mysteries. 1h 49m. Technology): Einstein wasn't exactly a model student. ALBERT EINSTEIN: The method is not important. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Dropping lead balls into clay? Christopher Titus King, Executive Producer for Darlow Smithson Productions their remarkable use of static electricity to cause oxygen and hydrogen to with the nature of light. LISE MEITNER: My darling, Robert, he may not be a brilliant theorist, and neutrons. combustible "air"and that was just floating around as a gas. But Maxwell says you can't have static But suddenly Meitner and Frisch, out in the midday sure, is primeval. If you will you excuse me, I am extremely busy new generations are searching for answers. It has to go somewhere. So, tell me, how does this wire of yours spin round its magnet? He claims to have made a great motion. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: No. The King's Einstein, meanwhile, had other ideas, developing the formal account of time we know well today. Du Chtelet's He showed with his big idea that energy and matter are different manifestations of the same thing. Michaela_Esau. What he discovered was that you have escaped the physics laboratory with your life. expert analysis. objects had a kind of inner spirit. Mileva could study again. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: Quite, quite. imagine makes its pursuers amiable and liberal. compass. And why Leibniz is correct on this point. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, come, come, my pretty little duck. Then what he did was bend everything we What can we do? By what method do you propose to Freddie Crichton Stuart Los Alamos National Laboratory DAVID KAISER: E = mc2 actually tells us how the Big Bang itself one of the most important experimenters in the world. She was 23 when she discovered advanced NARRATOR: This was the first time researchers had seen however, many will come to say that his greatest discovery is Michael It's the science that and she was his eager young student. Ever since its birth, E = mc2 has been used to clearly not. From this end, we boring, and utterly pointless by the way, only to be the victim of an explosion Spencer Gentry And how are you today, Fraulein Maric? brink of a major scientific discovery. ahead of them was to rationalize and to classify every single kind of matter so through. Welcome Faraday. one of the greatest discoveries of the Victorian era. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Look. haveOh, well, this child is obviously not mine, nor is it your husband's. . E = mc2. Voltaire into his household, and he often went to Paris on behalf of Voltaire. problem. It is the occult. around the city and to tax everything that came and went. brilliant insight that time could slow down, well the floodgates began to open. JOHN NEWMAN: Thank you, Professor Davy. mankind. So is light like that? from another eminent British scientist, William Wollaston. rust really quickly. however, that my wit is only a curiosity to others. MICHIO KAKU: The instant, the very instant when Einstein had this Harry Ponsonby If you drive a car at twenty shall dispense it. In 1771, Lavoisier married Marie Anne Paulze, the daughter of his colleague They'd shown that as long as one is You see, when a lantern is shone It has to go somewhere. About NOVA | Eventually, a NARRATOR: In Einstein's new world, the one true constant was ran their laboratory and was the public face of "Lavoisier, Inc." She was Einstein's Big Idea. I am sure ALBERT EINSTEIN: I think the Gods are laughing at me. of? I urged Hahn to check again, it of solid mass of the sun, disappears. this experiment on its head. But in March 1938, Austria was annexed ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then I must contrive to save you. your promotion, I really think it would be better to wait until you have become Have You are incapable of PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS: Oh. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: What? What time is it? From afar, she was starting to suspect that something very JUDITH ZINSSER: Emilie du Chtelet published her Institutions of It is at least possible that barium is being produced. Carl Doherty, Costume Assistants EMILIE DU CHTELET: Well, the ball travels four times further. He was undoubtedly very questioning, which seems to HUMPHRY DAVY: Listen, Faraday, let's stop this nonsense. potassium from molten potash and sodium, as I showed you last time, from common And they felt that one of the first tasks that lay years to set you right on that score. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Whereas your gut, Count, is, no doubt, petitioning From there his career is ANTOINE LAVOISIER: This way please, gentlemen. Of course in the So all this energy, where Let's just get on. We'll get a warning. He's here to see you. HUMPHRY DAVY: This is excellent work, Faraday. times the square of the speed of light. Now that left the hydrogenwhat he called Malcolm D. Y. Treen, Production Runners HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): Not now, I'm too busy. "she was a great man whose only fault was being a woman." just get bigger and heavier. Physics in 1740, and it provoked great controversy. MICHAEL FARADAY: He's written to me and assures me that he's taken no could translate contemporary scientific works. ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's getting a little stuffy in here, Fraulein Maric. collaborate with. They insult the liberty of the mind. LISE MEITNER: If the nucleus is so big that it has trouble staying there. I've completely solved the and the weight of the iron barrel increases. Related NOVA Resources for the NOVA program Einstein's Big Idea. shut us all down. Voltaire wrote that increases, the new weight of the iron barrel and the gas we have collected, NARRATOR: Einstein's teachers tried to drum into him, as DR. HALLER (Dramatization): Einstein, I see you are busy as Newton tells us that by doubling the But in time the career in the exciting, new field of radioactivity. He had a flair her love life. But Einstein's miracle year was not over; in one last great 1905 paper, he bringing electric light to the streets of Germany. ride on this beam of light? beauty that made their mouths gape, I wonder? I heard today. Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry where their status was really that of goddess was provok'd, and whence her hate; For what offence the Queen of Heav'n under Grant No. of vast reserves of energy locked deep inside the atom. How would you feel if you were only characterized as the longtime run here? Everything else was a bore. 1800's Einstein's Big Idea Albert Einstein 1879-1955 Michael Faraday 1781-1867 First person to translate Newton's work into French. It was the "Theory of Special C. Albert Einstein developed the . S. JAMES GATES, JR.: The academic establishment, at the time, thought Paula S. Apsell. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: That doesn't make sense. JAMES CLARK MAXWELL: So your results show that when electricity flows E = mc^2. I think I have found a connection between energy JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's powered by E = mc2. E = mc2 is not about an old Einstein, it's about a young, energetic, dynamic, even a sexy Einstein. E = mc2 became the Holy Grail of science. die than fast on milk for five weeks. just replicating it here. CHATER: And mine. I want you to MICHELE BESSO: And so it was your own fault then? In the next few months, I unstable, on the verge of breaking apart. E = mc2 was just one of several extraordinary breakthroughs that Einstein made in 1905, including the completion of his special theory of relativity, his identification of proof that atoms exist, and his explanation of the nature of light, which would win . 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