[59] According to political scientist Richard F. Bensel in his study of the 1896 Democratic convention, "Although the silver men knew they would win this fight, they nonetheless needed someone to tell themand the gold menwhy they must enshrine silver at the heart of the platform. Never before in the history of this country has there been witnessed such a contest as that through which we have just passed. Not only that, but as he listens he can hear with ever increasing distinctness the sound of the waves as they beat upon the lonely shores of St. Helena. My friends, we shall declare that this nation is able to legislate for its own people on every question without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation on earth, and upon that issue we expect to carry every single state in the Union. But note the change. From the beginning of the speech, Bryan suggests that his cause is righteous and. The financial Panic of 1893 intensified the debates, and when President Grover Cleveland (a Democrat) continued to support the gold standard against the will of much of his party, activists became determined to take over the Democratic Party organization and nominate a silver-supporting candidate in 1896. Bryan, having established the right of silver supporters to petition, explained why that petition was not to be denied: It is for these that we speak. The session was supposed to begin at 10:00a.m., but as delegates, slowed by the long commute from the hotels to the Coliseum and fatigue from the first two days, did not arrive on time, proceedings did not begin until 10:45. "[92], When McKinley heard that Bryan was likely to be the nominee, he called the report "rot" and hung up the phone. Our website may have some collections that include images that are in the public domain, not protected by copyright or where the copyright ownership is unknown. Some people, for the most part Democrats, joined the far-left Populist Party. They called for the return to pre-1873 laws, which would require the Mint to take all the silver offered it and return it, struck into silver dollars. However, the senator wanted 50 minutes to speak, too long for a closing address, and at Bryan's request agreed to open the debate instead. If you want criticisms, read the dissenting opinions of the Court. [6], 8, [4] pages, wraps. Jones points out that though Bryan's speaking engagements were not deemed political by the standards of 1896, by modern measurements he was far more active in campaigning for the nomination than most of the better-known candidates.[29]. Bryan had been a dark horse candidate with little support in the convention. [63] Two alert police officers had joined Bryan as he left the podium, anticipating the crush. [83], The balloting began the following morning, July 10, with a two-thirds vote necessary to nominate. The income tax is a just law. He had already begun work on a speech. Senators, Bryan rose to speak. 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He does use the word gold in a religious allusion, but it's given quite a different meaning. The warmest ties of love and acquaintance and association have been disregarded. He then defended the remainder of the platform, though only speaking in general terms. William Jennings Bryan delivered his "Cross of Gold" speech at the Democratic National Convention in July of 1896 as part of his bid for the party's presidential nomination. [38] On the evening of July 5, Bryan was visited by a delegation of Coloradans, seeking his support for Senator Teller. Introduction. [97] Although McKinley outpolled him by 600,000votes, Bryan received more votes than any previous presidential candidate. He cared about politics and his religion equally. "And I needed it for the speech I was to make." Historian Stanley Jones, in his study of the 1896 election, suggests that western Democrats would have opposed Cleveland even if the party had held its congressional majority in 1894; with the disastrous defeat, they believed the party would be wiped out in the West if it did not support silver. 19. Question 9 30 seconds Q. The full text of William Jenning Bryans famous Cross of Gold speech appears below. Now, my friends, let me come to the great paramount issue. The temporary chairmanship, for example, would have permitted him to deliver the keynote address. We come to speak for this broader class of businessmen. [25] Bryan biographer Paulo E. Coletta wrote, "during this year [July 1894 June 1895] of calamities, disintegration and revolution, each crisis aided Bryan because it caused division within his party and permitted him to contest for its mastery as it slipped from Cleveland's fingers. On the 4th of March, 1895, a few Democrats, most of them members of Congress, issued an address to the Democrats of the nation asserting that the money question was the paramount issue of the hour; asserting also the right of a majority of the Democratic Party to control the position of the party on this paramount issue; concluding with the request that all believers in free coinage of silver in the Democratic Party should organize and take charge of and control the policy of the Democratic Party. It marked the first american victory over a European power. Other delegations, seeing that Bryan would be nominated, also switched, securing the victory. Pursuant to this promise, government gold reserves dwindled over the following three years. Gold Democrats looked to the President for leadership, but Cleveland, trusting few in his party, did not involve himself further in the gold efforts, but spent the week of the convention fishing off the New Jersey coast. William Jennings Bryan, gifted orator and three-time presidential candidate was born on March 19, 1860, in Salem, Illinois. Delegates threw hats, coats, and handkerchiefs into the air. If the gold standard is a good thing, why try to get rid of it? Welcome to a series on William Jennings Bryan's famous 1896 Cross of Gold speech. Although Bryan ran again on a silver platform in the 1900 presidential election, the issue failed to produce the same resonance with the voters. Never before in the history of this country has there been witnessed such a contest as that through which we have passed. He always regarded it as the best point he made during the speech, and only the ending caused more reaction from his listeners: We say to you that you have made the definition of a business man too limited in its application. A cartoon from the magazine "Judge" criticizing William Jennings Bryan for his "Cross of Gold" speech. See Also:"I Am a Democrat and not a Revolutionist": Senator David Bennett Hill Defends the Gold Standard"Pitchfork Ben" Tillman Addresses the 1896 Democratic Convention, "I Am a Democrat and not a Revolutionist": Senator David Bennett Hill Defends the Gold Standard, "Pitchfork Ben" Tillman Addresses the 1896 Democratic Convention. There are those who believe that if you just legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous, that their prosperity will leak through on those below. Many Republicans in the western states, dismayed by the strong allegiance of eastern Republicans to the gold standard, considered forming their own party. Pamphlet. Circulars were being distributed in Illinois, and admirers in Nebraska, North Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and other states were urging his selection among their friends. [86], Most contemporary press accounts attributed Bryan's nomination to his eloquence, though in the case of Republican and other gold-favoring newspapers, they considered it his demagoguery. I stand with Jefferson rather than with them, and tell them, as he did, that the issue of money is a function of the government and that the banks should go out of the governing business. [1], Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. Edition of 10 (this copy is #5). [87], According to the New York World, "Lunacy having dictated the platform, it was perhaps natural that hysteria should evolve the candidate. Bryan consented, on condition that his own time was extended by the same amount; this was agreed to. The Washington Post newspaper recorded, "bedlam broke loose, delirium reigned supreme. ( July 8, 1896 ), classic of American political oratory delivered by William Jennings Bryan ( Bryan, William Jennings) in closing the debate on the party platform at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in 1896. His opponent, William Jennings Bryan (who Littlefield suggested was represented by the cowardly lion in The Wizard of Oz) was famous for his "Cross of Gold" speech. Which? More than that, we can tell them this, that they will search the pages of history in vain to find a single instance in which the common people of any land ever declared themselves in favor of a gold standard. Forward-Looking Statements Except for historical information, this presentation may contain certain "forward-looking statements". We care not upon which issue they force the fight. At 36 years old, with two terms in Congress and a failed 1894 run for Senate under his belt, Bryan was the party's most outspoken and effective champion of silver. "[67] Harpine suggested that, "by appealing in such an uncompromising way to the agrarian elements and to the West, Bryan neglected the national audience who would vote in the November election". If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. What we oppose in that plank is the life tenure that is being built up in Washington which establishes an office-holding class and excludes from participation in the benefits the humbler members of our society. . Bryan also ran in the years 1900 and 1908 which became failures. "[91] Bryan's words gave rise to later economic and political philosophies, including Huey Long's 1930s Share Our Wealth program, with its trigger phrase, "Every Man a King" inspired by Bryan's speech. Although Altgeld and his adherents urged voters to distinguish between Cleveland and his party, the Democrats lost 113 seats in the House in the 1894 midterm elections, the greatest loss by a majority party in congressional history. We go forth confident that we shall win. We do not come as aggressors. Nevertheless, he won the nomination without the votes of the gold delegates, most of whom either left the convention or refused to vote. The 36-year old Bryan was an avowed bimetallist, placed himself in the tradition of Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson against moneyed interests and in favor of "hardy pioneers who braved all. He says he also wants to amend this platform so as to provide that if we fail to maintain the parity within a year that we will then suspend the coinage of silver. [93] The Republican nominee was slow to realize the surge of support for Bryan after the nomination, stating his view that the silver sentiment would be gone in a month. madonna album sales worldwide soldiers and sailors memorial auditorium events jeffrey disick death brightness of a colour crossword clue 4 letters nba 2k22 lakers all time roster Advocates of the gold standard attributed the decline to advances in production and transportation. Three months later, at Memphis, an organization was perfected, and the silver Democrats went forth openly and boldly and courageously proclaiming their belief and declaring that if successful they would crystallize in a platform the declaration which they had made; and then began the conflict with a zeal approaching the zeal which inspired the crusaders who followed Peter the Hermit. I shall not slander the fair state of Massachusetts nor the state of New York by saying that when citizens are confronted with the proposition, Is this nation able to attend to its own business?I will not slander either one by saying that the people of those states will declare our helpless impotency as a nation to attend to our own business. The gentleman from Wisconsin has said he fears a Robespierre. [79] Others took up the standards with the state names on them with each delegation, and planted them by Nebraska's. Bryan, a former Democratic congressman from Nebraska, gained his party's presidential nomination in July of that year after electrifying the Democratic National Convention with his Cross of Gold speech. They can find where the holders of fixed investments have. Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. [52] Although Tillman endorsed silver, his address was so laced with sectionalism that most silver delegates remained silent for fear of being seen as supporting him. However, Bryan, lacking a seat at the start of the convention, could not be elected temporary chairman. Shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to 70 million, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? Once the convention came to order, Arkansas Senator James K. Jones, chair of the Committee on Resolutions, read the proposed platform to cheers by many delegates; the reading of the pro-gold minority report attracted less applause. Cross of Gold Speech - Analysis | Milestone Documents - Milestone Documents William Jennings Bryan: "Cross of Gold" Speech Log in to see the full document and commentary. He would subsequently win the Democratic nomination for president in 1900 and again . Even so, in 1900, Congress passed the Gold Standard Act, formally placing the United States on that standard. Mr. Jefferson, who was once regarded as good Democratic authority, seems to have a different opinion from the gentleman who has addressed us on the part of the minority. Critics contended that the inflation which would follow the introduction of such a policy would harm workers, whose wages would not rise as fast as prices would, and the operation of Gresham's law would drive gold from circulation, effectively placing the United States on a silver standard. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cross_of_Gold_speech&oldid=1138712489, United States National Recording Registry recordings, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox event with unknown parameters, Pages using infobox event with blank parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bryan nominated for president by the Democrats, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 05:01. Subscribe 84K views 7 years ago This is a speech from Democratic Candidate William Jennings Bryan, which he originally delivered in 1896. We have begged, and they have mocked when our calamity came. The gentleman from New York says that he will propose an amendment providing that this change in our law shall not affect contracts which, according to the present laws, are made payable in gold. The Populists would reach the high water mark of their political power in 1896, when the Democratic Party nominated William Jennings Bryan as its candidate for President of . 1896 speech by U.S. politician William Jennings Bryan in support of a bimetallic standard, William Jennings Bryan being carried on the shoulders of delegates after giving the speech, Also attributed to an 1892 speech by President, For additional detail on the political career of William Jennings Bryan before and during the 1896 campaign, see, For a fuller explanation of the procedures of American political conventions, see, Possible recording of the original speech, Audio excerpt of the speech later recorded by William Jennings Bryan, William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896, United States presidential nominating convention, William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896 General election campaign, Official Proceedings of the 1896 Democratic National Convention. "[67] By then, as he spoke in a sincere tone, his voice sounded clearly and loudly through the hall. The individual is but an atom; he is born, he acts, he dies; but principles are eternal, and this has been a contest over a principle. The new unit of currency was defined to be equal to 24.75 grains (1.604g) of gold, or alternatively, 371.25 grains (24.057g) of silver, establishing a ratio of value between gold and silver of 15:1. [17] In his conclusion, Bryan reached back in history: When a crisis like the present arose and the national bank of his day sought to control the politics of the nation, God raised up an Andrew Jackson, who had the courage to grapple with that great enemy, and by overthrowing it, he made himself the idol of the people and reinstated the Democratic party in public confidence. The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. The Republicans gained control of the House, as well as the Senate, which until 1913 was elected by the state legislatures rather than by the popular vote. "[56], Vilas quickly lost his audience, which did not want to hear Cleveland defended. As yet, no one at the convention had effectively spoken for that cause, which was paramount to the delegates. The government pledged to stand behind the silver dollars and treasury notes issued under the act by redeeming them in gold. These cartoons are grouped by the general sentiment they represent about William Jennings Bryan, his political campaigns, and his ambitions. Behind the scenes and the irony: -fueling of the trucks uncaring of the president iv. Our war is not a war of conquest. [8] During the economic chaos of the Panic of 1873, the price of silver dropped significantly, but the Mint would accept none for striking into legal tender. Much activity took place in advance of the formal opening as the silver and (vastly outnumbered) gold forces prepared their strategies. Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. [40], The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary John G. Carlisle, but he withdrew in April, stating that he was more concerned about the platform of the party than who would lead it. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). I shall object to bringing this question down to a level of persons. "[55] Hill gave a calm speech defending the gold position, and swayed few delegates. Bound in semi-stiff boards covered in dark green washi paper, wit Trained as a lawyer, Bryan represented the state of Nebraska in the United States Congress, 1891-95. They have tried to strain it to mean that which it does not mean. I deny it. Conditions have arisen and we are attempting to meet those conditions. [79] He soon retired from the convention, returning to his hotel to await the outcome. We beg no longer; we entreat no more; we petition no more. Those who are opposed to this proposition tell us that the issue of paper money is a function of the bank and that the government ought to go out of the banking business. Such bills, sponsored by Bland, passed the House of Representatives in 1876 and 1877, but both times failed in the Senate. 2023 The Granger Collection LTD d/b/a GRANGER - Historical Picture Archive. [90], The Pullman Company offered Bryan a private car for his trip home; he declined, not wishing to accept corporate favors. [87] The pro-silver Cleveland Plain Dealer called Bryan's speech "an eloquent, stirring, and manly appeal". He favored the monetary policy . No, my friends, that will never be the verdict of our people. [13], The effects of the depression which began in 1893, and which continued through 1896, ruined many Americans. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as shown by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party.[77]. [68] He denied, however that the contest was personal; he bore no ill-will towards those who supported the gold standard. My friends, we have made no criticism. Cleveland friend and former Postmaster General Donald M. Dickinson wrote to the President in June 1896 hoping that the delegates would recognize "common sense" and be frightened at the thought of nominating a radical. 28 Monday Mar 2016. The Democratic party has won the greatest success in its history. The gold men, though they possessed the machinery of the party, had neither the power nor the strength to challenge their opponents. Nevertheless, Senator John W. Daniel of Virginia was by an overwhelming vote elected temporary chairman, and a Committee on Credentials was appointed that seated Bryan and his contesting Nebraska delegation.[47]. [79] As he moved towards his seat, the Coliseum burst into pandemonium. His dramatic speaking style and rhetoric roused the crowd to a frenzy. He was nominated two more times as the Democratic presidential nominee, but he lost again to McKinley in 1900 and to Republican candidate William H. Taft (1857-1930) in 1908. The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. A third attempt in early 1878 again passed the House, and eventually both houses after being amended in the Senate. American cartoon by Grant Hamilton, 1896, on William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold' speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, which won Bryan the presidential nomination. We demand that the standard silver dollar shall be a full legal tender, equally with gold, for all debts, public and private, and we favor such legislation as will prevent for the future the demonitization of any kind of legal tender by private contract. The dissidents nominated their own ticket; the split in the vote would contribute to Bryan's defeat. This teaching guide helps instructors use a specific primary source set, Patronage and Populism: The Politics of the Gilded Age, in the classroom. The policemen were swept away by the flood of delegates, who raised Bryan to their shoulders and carried him around the floor. Afrocentrists, Evangelicals, Hebrew-Israelites and the False Revolution. [105] Author and political commentator William Safire, in his political dictionary, traced the term "trickle-down economics" (common in the Reagan era) to Bryan's statement that some believe that government should legislate for the wealthy, and allow prosperity to "leak through" on those below. [45] The DNC's action could be reversed, but not until the convention's credentials committee reported. The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain. We say in our platform that we believe that the right to coin money and issue money is a function of government. Some of the impoverished died of disease or starvation; others killed themselves.[15]. 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