The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Any alteration of the original equipment shall be approved by the manufacturer. Horizontally at each end and at 30 feet intervals measured from one end only. Braces, bearers, and runners shall not be spliced between poles. fScaffolding A registered professional engineer must design and certify scaffolds: with wood poles and over 60 feet in height frame scaffolds over 125 feet in height outrigger scaffolds plus scaffold erections when intended loads exceed tube and coupler scaffold standard ratings USA (v. 2008) fTypes of Scaffolds USA (v. 2008) fSupported Scaffolds Movement of the scaffold must be under the direction of a competent person. Work benches shall not be used as scaffold platforms. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet Personnel hoisting platforms must be designed by: A qualified engineer, or another competent specialist qualified in structural design. Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports of the scaffold unless outrigger frames or equivalent devices are used to ensure stability. The fulcrum point of outrigger beams shall rest on secure bearings at least 6 inches (15.2 cm) in each horizontal dimension. Runners and bearers shall be installed on edge. When the pump jack has to pass bracing already installed, an additional brace shall be installed approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above the brace to be passed, and shall be left in place until the pump jack has been moved and the original brace reinstalled. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards! True or False: Before the advent of OSHA, a cohesive system of separate rules existed that effectively governed the American workplace. Every degree that the scaffold is off leveled will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. 1926.452 - Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds. By definition a scaffold is a temporary, elevated platform Identify the three essential elements of safe scaffold construction, and give at Electrical burns are the most serious of the three major types of burns, and most often occur: On the hands, from direct contact with current. Yet, because of the nature of where and how it is used, scaffolding can present many potential hazards. proper measures to protect against or prevent accidents and injuries. Poles shall be secured to the structure by rigid triangular bracing or equivalent at the bottom, top, and other points as necessary. All jacks lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks must have a device that stops them from: A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet. When erected scaffolds are to be moved by crane assure that: a. It is used in construction work where the work cannot be done from the ground level. To determine whether employees need hearing protection, employers have to consider: The loudness of the noise, as measured in decibels. In general, head protection should do which of the following? A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: A. Wrecking balls or jackhammers Upon completion of the lesson, participants will be able to: Each bracket, except those for wooden bracket-form scaffolds, shall be attached to the supporting formwork or structure by means of one or more of the following: nails; a metal stud attachment device; welding; hooking over a secured structural supporting member, with the form wales either bolted to the form or secured by snap ties or tie bolts extending through the form and securely anchored; or, for carpenters' bracket scaffolds only, by a bolt extending through to the opposite side of the structure's wall. The scaffold is usually constructed from aluminium or steel tubes and clips, with timber or metal scaffold planks used to form a secure and level working platform. Runners shall be installed along the length of the scaffold, located on both the inside and outside posts at level heights (when tube and coupler guardrails and midrails are used on outside posts, they may be used in lieu of outside runners). Employers must: Ensure that the safety monitor is a competent person knowledgeable about fall protection. Introduction C. To send every worker home whole and healthy every day Employers must provide a training program that teaches employees who might be exposed to fall hazards: How to recognize such hazards and how to minimize them. (b) Tube and Coupler Scaffolds. The ladder jack shall be so designed and constructed that it will bear on the side rails and ladder rungs or on the ladder rungs alone. d. Phases are often shown for each compound but are not critical to balancing an equation. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for pole scaffolds under 60 feet in height. Ladders used to support step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds shall be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping. 3. D. A hole of any shape with a depth that exceeds 15 feet. Learning Objectives At holes, guardrail systems must be set up: The top edge of a guardrail must be from 39 to 45 inches above the walking/working level, and there must also be a means of protection from: Falling objects between top rail and walking surface. Symptoms of silicosis ____________ , so workers should have a chest x-ray to see if there is lung damage. common. ", "Form scaffolds and carpenters' bracket scaffolds. Finally, while the scaffold is being erected or dismantled, the workers who are performing that task need a safe access. Where uplift can occur which would displace scaffold end frames or panels, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. Identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage. constructing, using, and dismantling a scaffold is vital to protecting workers. The ground is level and stable. When two single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds are combined to form a two-point adjustable suspension scaffold, the resulting two-point scaffold shall comply with the requirements for two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds in paragraph (p) of this section. The original scaffold layout is still feasible. In the case of materials handling, storage, use and disposal, remember that the main hazards are injuries from: Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. By the user only b. Plumb c. By a contractor d. Plumb and level e. Level c Safe rigging practice dictates that weight estimates of objects to be lifted, when the objects are relatively lightweight, should be accurate within plus or minus _____. Knowing Forklifts, trucks, similar motor vehicles or add-on motors shall not be used to propel scaffolds unless the scaffold is designed for such propulsion systems. A good time to perform these inspections is at the start of the workday to ensure the area is clear for that day's shift. or more per square foot. Frequently used types of scaffolds include the There are many other scaffolds in use as well, each with advantages and The three elements of a basic program for electrical safety are: All portable electric tools that are damaged shall be: If you have a three-prong plug and a two-hole receptacle, it is acceptable to: Use an adapter with an adapter wire connected to known ground. C. Any square or rectangular trench with a width that does not exceed 15 feet Correct answer Special care and training incentives Scaffolds are plumb, square, level and situated on base . The supporting rope between the scaffold and the suspension device shall be kept vertical unless all of the following conditions are met: The rigging has been designed by a qualified person, and, The scaffold is accessible to rescuers, and, The supporting rope is protected to ensure that it will not chafe at any point where a change in direction occurs, and. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. The following are the phases that need to be considered for safe installation and use of scaffolding: 1. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be securely anchored either by means of braced struts bearing against sills in contact with the overhead beams or ceiling, or by means of tension members secured to the floor joists underfoot, or by both. Two-point scaffolds shall not be bridged or otherwise connected one to another during raising and lowering operations unless the bridge connections are articulated (attached), and the hoists properly sized. Prior to starting all demolition operations, OSHA 1926.850 (a) requires that: One of the most important elements of the pre-job planning is: Proper equipment for prompt transportation of an injured worker, as well as a communication system to contact any necessary ambulance service, must be available: A structural material with tensioned steel strands embedded inside, which compress the concrete and give it extra strength. has financial rewards, with an estimated annual savings of $90 million for American 9. . There are a number of requirements that employers must do to protect their workers from caught-in or between hazards. True or False: There is usually some form of warning before a cave-in. Each bracket shall be attached to the securing wire rope (or ropes) by a positive locking device capable of preventing the unintentional detachment of the bracket from the rope, or by equivalent means. Scaffolds, once properly erected, are a control measure to prevent the risk of persons and objects falling when working at height. Smith, Michael Abbott, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Ladder Jack Scaffold. What Is The Molar Mass Of Calcium Chloride? In the United States and Canada, most scaffolds found at jobsites are made of steel, Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. When the bearers are coupled to the runners, the couplers shall be as close to the posts as possible. Provide guards on power tools and other equipment with moving parts. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . Scaffold components. The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. Guardrails should be between 38" and 45" high. Tensioning of each wire rope used for securing brackets in place or as an anchorage for personal fall arrest systems shall be by means of a turnbuckle at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, or by equivalent means. Each supporting rope shall be hitched around one end of the bearer and pass under the platform to the other end of the bearer where it is hitched again, leaving sufficient rope at each end for the supporting ties. B. Then a few days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the following items. When erected and used properly, it serves its function well. Couplers shall be of a structural metal, such as drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum. Boatswains' chair seat slings shall be a minimum of five-eight (5/8) inch (1.6 cm) diameter fiber, synthetic, or other rope which will satisfy the criteria (e.g., strength, slip resistance, durability, etc.) The noise exposure measurement your employer makes must include all continuous, intermittent and ______ noise within a range of 80 dB to 130 dB. What happens to the temperature of the water relative to that of the untreated water? The blocks for fiber or synthetic ropes shall consist of at least one double and one single block. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. That task need a safe access must be plumb, and dismantling a scaffold is being erected or dismantled the... 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