I did give you a fight Burr's refusal to withdraw from the election of 1800, which forced Hamilton to support Jefferson against his better judgement. Burr did, however, noticeably decline to say that he would not accept the presidency if he were elected. SURVEY . One vote was cast for an elector of unknown affiliation. Hamilton, who became head of the Army after Washington's death in 1799, advocated using the Army to "put Virginia to the Test of resistance." The 1800 Election Because each state was free to determine the time and method for choosing its electors to the Electoral College, the election of 1800 lasted from April until December. He sought to confirm that as president, Jefferson would leave certain Federalist policies, including Hamiltons financial system, and officeholders in place. What? The seven delegations controlled by Democratic-Republicans all voted for Jefferson, and Georgia's sole Federalist representative also voted for him, giving him eight states. The election of 1800 was one of the most bitter, contentious, and fiercely partisan presidential elections in US history. [JEFFERSON] But he didn't give up. The decision of 1800 . But there was a problem: At least Republican one elector had been expected to withhold his vote from Burr to allow Jefferson to come out ahead. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The Federalists therefore arranged for one of their electors to vote for John Jay rather than for Pinckney. When rumors reached Burr that Hamilton had spoken out against him during that campaign, the long-simmering tensions between them escalated, culminating in the duel that killed Hamilton in July 1804. (LogOut/ Complete your free account to request a guide. When Adams was running for a second term, Hamilton published a letter to his supporters Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq. [ENSEMBLE] [EVEN MORE VOTERS] Although the congressional election of 1800 turned over majority control of the House of Representatives to the Democratic-Republicans by 68 seats to 38,[15] the presidential election had to be decided by the outgoing House that had been elected in the congressional election of 1798 (at that time, the new presidential and congressional terms all started on March 4 of the year after a national election). [JEFFERSON & MADISON] Hamilton: Act 2: Election of 1800 Summary & Analysis Next Act 2: Your Obedient Servant Themes and Colors Key Summary Analysis Sometime later, Hamilton must choose between voting for Jefferson or Burr in the 1800 presidential election. [MADISON] during the 1800 election and move on to the following brief history. Though public opinion favored Jefferson, many Federalists decided to throw their support to Burr, hoping to keep Jefferson from the nations highest office. The Constitution mandated that each states delegation in the House vote as a single bloc to decide the election. The Presidential Election of 1800 On March 4, 1801, Thomas Jefferson delivered his first inaugural address to the American people. The New York legislative elections would determine who won that state's electoral votes and Burr put together a strategy to win the city, and the state, from Hamilton. He's very attractive in the North. (You can read more about Hamiltons role in that election here). It implies Hamilton's support for Jefferson over Burr was the catalyst for the Burr-Hamilton duel; in fact, while that helped sour relations between Burr and Hamilton, the duel was ultimately provoked by Hamilton's statements about Burr in the 1804 New York gubernatorial election.[75]. The remaining state, Maryland, had five Federalist representatives to three Democratic-Republicans; one of its Federalist representatives voted for Jefferson, forcing that state delegation also to cast a blank ballot. New Yorkers like his chances Choose! As Jefferson received the second-most votes in 1796, he was elected vice president. "Your Obedient Servant". [BURR] [1], While Burr was portrayed in the song as running for president, it was widely understood at the time that Jefferson was the Democratic-Republican Party's presidential candidate, whereas Burr was running for vice president. Please?! 10 Alexander Hamilton to James Ross, 29 December 1800, . They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. [BURR] Hamilton the Musical - Election of 1800 Lyrics "Election of 1800" is a song from the Broadway musical Hamilton performed by Daveed Diggs (Jefferson), Okieriete Onaodowan (Madison), Leslie Odom Jr. (Burr), Lin-Manuel Miranda (Hamilton). Republican newspaper editor James Callender notoriously accused Adams of having a hideous hermaphroditical character, while a Federalist writer named Burleigh claimed that if Jefferson won, murder, robbery, rape, adultery, and incest, will openly be taught and practiced.. Hamilton sways the delegates to elect Jefferson with a late, tie-breaking . According to historian John Ferling, the jockeying for electoral votes, regional divisions, and the propaganda smear campaigns created by both parties made the election recognizably modern.[4]. See, they see Burr as a less extreme you It is 1800, and the election for the new president of the United States has been narrowed down to two delegates: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Burr was accused of campaigning for the presidency himself in the contingent election despite being a member of Jefferson's party. Of the 155 counties and independent cities making returns, Jefferson and Burr won in 115 (74.19%), whereas the Adams ticket carried 40 (25.81%). (b) Only 6 of the 16 states chose electors by any form of popular vote. Under the rules of the electoral system in place before the 1804 ratification of the 12th Amendment, each member of the Electoral College cast two votes, with no distinction made between electoral votes for president and electoral votes for vice president. But what it doesn't convey is how close the country came to a. Previous Oh! [8] Meanwhile, the Democratic-Republicans accused Federalists of subverting republican principles with the Alien and Sedition Acts, some of which were later declared unconstitutional after their expiration by the Supreme Court, and relying for their support on foreign immigrants; they also accused Federalists of favoring Britain and the other coalition countries in their war with France in order to promote aristocratic, anti-democratic values. [BURR] Whether as store owners, merchants, ship owners As the presidential election of 1800 approached, Americans were more divided than ever before. In 1796, Adams had narrowly defeated Jefferson, 71-68; thanks to the system of split voting, Jefferson became Adams's vice president. Can we get back to politics? John Adams shat the bed. [MADISON] [BURR] In 1800, Democratic-Republicans only slightly outnumbered Federalists in the state legislaturebut on a raw popular vote count, the Federalists were actually in the lead. But if you had to choose Burr! Man openly campaigns against me, talkin' bout, 'I look forward to our partnership" Burr! The Democratic-Republicans nominated a ticket consisting of Vice President Thomas Jefferson of Virginia and former Senator Aaron Burr of New York. But if you had to choose . Before the presidential election of 1800, Alexander Hamilton wrote an essay (or what was known as a "pamphlet") about John Adams, the leader of Hamilton's Federalist party and the President of the United States called Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq. If you had to choose. Audio The way it's revealed that the result of the election was a tie . The differences between this and the Broadway version include: Jefferson and Madison's verse in the beginning is slightly extended. Retrieved February 15, 2018. [1] In the next number, "Your Obedient Servant", Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel out of anger for this endorsement. While the 1800 election was a re-match of the 1796 election, it ushered in a new type of American politics, a two-party republic and acrimonious campaigning behind the scenes and through the press. Join scholars Brian Murphy and Joanne This put a great deal of power in the hands of one man: Delaware Federalist James A. Bayard, who was the lone representative of his state in 1800. Struggling with distance learning? [JEFFERSON] Yo The extremely partisan and outright nasty campaign failed to provide a clear winner because of a constitutional quirk. With 1,800 acres of land . (National Archives Identifier 2668821) Anyone who is a fan of the hit musical Hamilton knows the song "Election of 1800." It depicts an infamous election that ultimately led us to change our Constitution. He accused Adams of rash decisionmaking, particularly when related to the quasi-war with France and drew a comparison between Adams and the modest and sage Washington, who consulted much, pondered much, resolved slowly, resolved surely. Hamilton showcased instances of Adamss uncertainty and found him to beso much at variance with himself, as well as with sound policy, that we are drivento seek a solution for it in some system of concession to his political enemies. The purpose of Hamiltons letter was to draw support from within the Federalist Party towards Charles Pinckney, a Southern Federalist. Hey, Burr, when you see Hamilton, thank him for the endorsement. For the country is facing a difficult choice The Democratic-Republicans were well organized at the state and local levels, while the Federalists were disorganized and suffered a bitter split between their two major leaders, Adams and Alexander Hamilton. That's just defeatist Teachers and parents! Thomas Jefferson would be President, in the first peaceful transfer of power between opposing political parties in the United States federal government. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Henry G. Marquand, 1881, There is no doubt, but that, upon every virtuous and prudent calculation, Jefferson is to be preferred," he wrote to Oliver Wolcott Jr. on December 16. Weisberger, Bernard A. Jefferson or Burr? 2nd President, Known for Alien and Sedition Act. [JEFFERSON] PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. National Archives and Records Administration. From February 11 to 17, the House cast a total of 35 ballots; each time eight state delegations voted for Jefferson, one short of the necessary majority of nine. Im going door to door! According to a provision of the United States Constitution, a tie in a case of this type had to be resolved by the House of Representatives, with each state casting one vote. Rhetoric of our Founding Fathers | Reflecting on History. . Meanwhile, Bayard (possibly due to the influence of Hamilton, who had written to him on January 16 arguing that Burr was a man of extreme & irregular ambition) was reconsidering his position. Great article, especially love the video, thats hilarious! The duel culminated a simmering conflict between the two men rooted in the election of 1800. [5][6], In 2020, cast members from Hamilton performed modified lyrics for "The Election of 1800", among other songs, to encourage turnout in the 2020 United States elections in partnership with When We All Vote, an initiative started by Michelle Obama. While writing about past contested presidential elections, Kagan parenthetically commented that "Alexander Hamilton secured his place on the Broadway stagebut possibly in the cemetery tooby lobbying Federalists in the House to tip the election to Jefferson". . Hamiltons Cats- Catstravaganza Charity Event inLA! Alexander Hamilton. In the end, the voting deadlocked in the Electoral College . Ha. Ha? Mr. Jefferson I suspect will not dare much. Hamilton embarked on a frenzied letter-writing campaign to get Federalist Representatives to switch votes. [MADISON] It embarrassed Adams and damaged Hamilton's efforts on behalf of Pinckney,[4] not to mention speeding Hamilton's own political decline. [ANOTHER MALE VOTER] This week in 1801, on February 17th, the US Presidential Election of 1800 was finally settled. . The eventual winner was decided only after days of balloting in the House of Representatives. [ENSEMBLE] Republicans, on the other hand, portrayed Federalists as crypto-monarchists and usurpers of the Constitution. "The Election of 1800" contains discrepancies between its story and the presidential election it narrates, most notably that Hamilton did not break the tie in the actual election. Choose This may have had some unintended consequences in Massachusetts, where the makeup of the delegation to the House of Representatives changed from 12 Federalists and 2 Democratic-Republicans to 8 Federalists and 6 Democratic-Republicans, perhaps the result of backlash on the part of the electorate. [BURR] [62], Publicly, Burr remained quiet between mid-December 1800 and mid-February 1801, when the electoral votes were counted. SenatorAaron Burrfrom New York, While the 1800 election was a re-match of the 1796 election, it ushered in a new type of American politics, a two-party republic and acrimonious campaigning behind the scenes and through the press. You need to change course, a key endorsement might redeem you Burr! Adams made gains in Pennsylvania and North Carolina, but these votes were not enough to offset the Democratic-Republican gains elsewhere. This bold yet brief last political act on Hamilton's part eventually wins Jefferson the presidency and sits uneasily with Burr, referenced in "Your Obedient Servant". The complete returns for Kentucky appear to have been lost. The musical simplifies the complicated multiple elections somewhat, portraying Adams's unpopularity as making the real choice between Jefferson and Burr. Well, I'll be damned [citation needed] Pennsylvania also switched to legislative choice, but this resulted in an almost evenly split set of electors. President of the United States. He's not very forthcoming on any particular stances At least they know I know where France is! Different state legislatures chose different methods:[71]. Hamilton: An American Musical (Original Broadway Cast Recording) The election of 1800 was bitter and contentious: The period leading up to the election of 1800 became a witches' brew of. [JEFFERSON] Yeah, he's so elitist! Don't laugh The conversation between Hamilton and Burr is slightly extended. Daveed Diggs, Okieriete Onaodowan, Leslie Odom, Jr., Lin-Manuel Miranda & the Original Broadway Cast of Hamilton By the time, the House began voting on February 11, 1801, Hamiltons concerns about Burr had failed to sway many members of his party. In the last line of the song, Jefferson gloatingly asks Burr to thank Hamilton for his endorsement of Jefferson. Burrs desire to be a part of history, talking less and smiling more, now leaves him without any honor or allies. After 36 votes in the House of representatives. [ENSEMBLE] While shifts in regimes had taken place at the local and state levels before, this was the first time it happened at the national level. Rumors circulated that Representative James A. Bayard (F-DE) hadpurportedly in Burr's nameapproached Smith and Edward Livingston (R-NY) with offers of political appointments if they voted for Burr. 5. [JEFFERSON/MADISON/ENSEMBLE] I have never agreed with Jefferson once Hamilton briefly speaks with Burr, who says that he would do anything to achieve the presidency. For Thomas Jefferson, the presidential election of 1800 represented a contest over the meaning of the American Revolution. Behind the scenes, he faced mounting pressure from within the party to step aside if he and Jefferson should tie in electoral votes. Election Coverage; Election Results; I-Team 8; Indiana News; . Map illustrates votes, by state, in the US Presidential election of 1800, broken down as votes for Aaron Burr, Thomas Jefferson, or 'Blank Ballot'. Uh-huh [15][4], When the electoral ballots were opened and counted on February 11, 1801, it turned out that the certificate of election from Georgia was defective: while it was clear that the electors had cast their votes for Jefferson and Burr, the certificate did not take the constitutionally mandated form of a "List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each". Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. John Adams doesn't stand a chance so who are you promoting? [MADISON] Oh! [HAMILTON] And if you were to ask me who I'd promote To get Hamilton on your side. [ENSEMBLE] Thomas Jefferson thus all of the Democratic-Republican electors cast their votes for both Jefferson and Burr, 73 in all for each of them. Hamiltons Elegant Eulogium of NathanaelGreene, Teamwork Made the Dream Work: Washington andHamilton, Rhetoric of our fathers: the election of 1800 | John Cashon's Blog, John Adams, The Unappreciated President | Jonathan Hilton. Jefferson was the great enemy of the Federalists, and a faction of Federalist representatives tried to block him and elect Burr. "The Election of 1800" is the nineteenth song from the second act of Hamilton, a Broadway musical that premiered in 2015 focused on the life of Alexander Hamilton. [JEFFERSON/MADISON/ENSEMBLE] [JEFFERSON] On top of this, the election pitted the "larger than life" Adams and Jefferson, who were formerly close allies turned political enemies. African Americans played a role in Adams . Broadway Production 30 seconds . To win in 1800, the magic number was 70 electoral votes. [MADISON] As If you had to choose [BURR] Hamilton stated: Mr. Jefferson, though too revolutionary in his notions, is yet a lover of liberty and will be desirous of something like orderly Government.Mr. How did the United States arrive at this critical juncture? [HAMILTON] It's quiet uptown. In 1800, unlike in 1796, both parties formally nominated tickets. Not until the 1836 presidential election would all states have direct popular selection of electors (except South Carolina, which had its state legislature vote for electors until 1868). The tie sent the election to the lame-duck House of Representatives, where Federalists dominated. Hamilton's on your side PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Oh! Competing visions: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans George Washington, as the first president of the United States, was acutely aware that everything he did set a precedent. "The Election of 1800" is the 19th song of Act Two of the musical Hamilton, as well as the 42nd song of both acts. [MADISON] Jefferson or Burr? The Democratic-Republicans' failure to execute their plan to award Jefferson one more vote than Burr resulted in a tie, which necessitated a contingent election in the House of Representatives. It draws heavily and sometimes verbatim from his writings. However, after Adams won the Federalist nomination, the letter was circulated throughout the country by the Jeffersonians. An event or action set as an example to future generations. The Democratic-Republicans had a similar plan to have one of their electors cast a vote for another candidate instead of Burr but failed to execute it,[why?] Briefly review the political climate before the election of 1800, including: . Yeah, right Dear Mr. Hamilton: [ENSEMBLE] Choose This was the last time that Vermont voted for the Federalists, and the last time a Federalist won electoral votes from Pennsylvania. They pointed to the recent Alien and Sedition Acts as proof that Federalists would roll back the Bill of Rights at every available opportunity until they could declare Hamilton president-for-life and, from there, King of America. In 1800, Hamilton and Burr battled in the even-then rough and tumble world of New York City politics. OAH Magazine of History 18.5 (2004): 53-57, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 01:21. 'Cuz I'm the President In the rest, electors were chosen by the state legislature. Fisher Ames on the Character of Alexander Hamilton | It's Hamiltime! Given Pinckney's lack of political experience, he would have been expected to be open to Hamilton's influence. Each side believed that victory by the other would ruin the nation. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. James Asheton Bayard, Federalist member of Congress from Delaware from 1797-1803. [6] Vox, "The real-life election of 1800 was even wilder than Hamilton the musical lets on," Nov. 28, 2015 Genius on YouTube, "Hamilton: Lin-Manuel Miranda On The Play's Historical Inaccuracies," Nov . Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee chose each of their electors from specially-drawn single-member districts, the results from which are as follows. [JEFFERSON] According to historian Ron Chernow, Bayard suggested in a caucus that he might vote for Jefferson to prevent a constitutional crisis. On the Federalist side Adams ran with Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, while Jefferson's running mate was Aaron Burr. [3], Writing for the Journal of the Early Republic, Nancy Isenberg criticized the accuracy of the song, writing that the event had been "distorted beyond recognition" by Miranda. Only the fourth presidential election in United States history, the Election of 1800 proved to be a new low in the young nation's political tug-of-war for power. Chronology But given a choice between Burr and Jefferson in the election of 1800, Hamilton had no problem choosing Jefferson. Republican newspapers fanned the flames by suggesting possible military intervention, and groups of unofficial Republican and Federalist militia began to drill in preparation for a potential civil war. [] The Election of 1800: Hamiltons Role (itshamiltime.com) [], [] The Election of 1800: Hamiltons Role [], [] wrote earlier about Hamilton role in the Election of 1800, in which Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr received an equal number of electoral votes and Hamilton [], [] The rivalry between Alexander Hamilton and John Adams during Hamiltons lifetime is well documented. National Archives. During Washingtons presidency, Adams was openly suspicious of Hamiltons role in the administration and his ambitions. Federalists attacked Jefferson as an un-Christian deist whose sympathy for the French Revolution would bring similar bloodshed and chaos to the United States. Mock Politics produced a humorous set of Jefferson v. Adams attack ads: In an interestingpost-script to the election, Hamilton eventuallypersuaded fellow Federalists to choose Jefferson over Aaron Burr. (LogOut/ Jefferson has beliefs; Burr has none Alexander! Shake hands with him As your Vice President The Election of 1800 The question iswhether to have Adams, God, and a religious President, or Jefferson, no God, . Choose In real life, the sequence of events was more complicated, but the fallout from 1800 certainly played a significant role in the two mens lives. [HAMILTON] What he advocated was somewhat more reasonable than what had been proposed in the party meeting. Act 1: Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down), Act 2: Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story. Each party formed a plan by which one of their respective electors would vote for a third candidate or abstain so that its preferred presidential candidate (Adams for the Federalists and Jefferson for the Democratic-Republicans) would win one more vote than the party's other nominee. The Election of 1800 [MALE VOTER] Ask him a question, it glances off, he obfuscates, he dances "High Federalists" considered Adams too moderate and would have preferred the leadership of Alexander Hamilton instead. Burr has none." "The Election of 1800 (Off-Broadway)" is the 23rd song in Act II and the 47th song overall in the Off-Broadway production of Hamilton. When it becomes apparent that the race is tied, Hamilton is called upon to break the deadlock. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. answer choices . [ENSEMBLE] Next Broadway Cast Recording None of them did, and each man had received exactly 73 electoral votes. The story of the 1801 contingent election between Burr and Jefferson is told in Gore Vidal's 1973 novel Burr. This election one of the most contested in our nation's history came on the heels of 10 years of bitter partisan battles. The Democratic-Republicans also denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts, which the Federalists had passed to make it harder for immigrants to become citizens and to restrict statements critical of the federal government. It is 1800, and the election for the new president of the United States has been narrowed down to two delegates: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. 1800 Presidential Election. At the time, there was no popular vote, and no separate ballots for presidential and vice presidential candidates. This revolution, he wrote, was "as real a revolution in the principles of our government as that of 1776 was in its form.". Thomas Jefferson vs. John Adams. Please? Eight votes were cast for electors pledged to both Jefferson and Adams; one vote was cast for an elector of unknown affiliation. However, there was confusion as to whether or not Burr could simply concede the presidency to Jefferson and become vice-president, or whether he would have been forced to withdraw entirely and allow one of the Federalist candidates to become vice-president, as the Constitution was unclear on the matter. So now Im facing There were sixteen states, each with one vote; an absolute majority of nine was required for victory. [citation needed] Federalist legislators did the same in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. John Adams, who is not represented in the play, is said to have no chance of winning the presidency, therefore making the main contest of the race between Jefferson and Aaron Burr, both actively campaigning for the presidency. Hamilton was one of the writers of the The Federalist Papers, which supported a strong national government. [Intro: Thomas Jefferson, (Ensemble)] The Election of 1800! And Jefferson [HAMILTON] When Adams became president, Hamiltons maintained only a tenuous grip on his position as secretary of treasurybefore resigningin 1795. Hamil-Burrns: A Twisted Tale It's Hamiltime. And it got worse. [], [] written before about Hamiltons pivotal role in the the Election of 1800. However, when political parties began to run both presidential and vice presidential candidates, it became apparent that the election would result in a tie between Jefferson and Burr, since they were from the same political party and would each receive one vote from every elector from a state the two had won. The 1800 United States presidential election was the fourth quadrennial presidential election. In the election of 1800, the Federalist incumbent John Adams ran against the rising Republican Thomas Jefferson. SURVEY . He wanted the . Jefferson had been the runner-up in the previous election and had co-founded the party with James Madison and others, while Burr was popular in the electorally important state of New York. Democratic-Republican via contingent election. Because the Constitution did not distinguish . Under the terms laid out in the Constitution, the outgoing House of Representatives chose between Jefferson and Burr. [JEFFERSON] Q. Album [citation needed]. He is missing in action (Burr ran as Jefferson's vice-president, but both men ended up with the same number of votes in the Electoral College, . I love the guy, but he's in traction [A MAN] [ANOTHER FEMALE VOTER] Jefferson or Burr? On February 17, on the 36th ballot, Bayard changed his vote from Burr to no selection,[4] joined by his allies in Maryland and Vermont. 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